Date Received: 02-02-2021 / Date Accepted: 04-06-2021 / Date Published: 03-07-2025
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) have been studied for a long time to make bio-fertilizer for many crops both in laboratory pots and in the fields. However, PSMs have not yet replaced chemical fertilizers in commercial agriculture. In this review, we have presented the mechanisms of microbial organic and inorganic phosphate solubilization known as PSMs and the key factors which influenced the success of this technology. The most important PSMs included Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Actinomyces, Streptomyces, Azospirillum and Rhizobium. Phosphate metabolism was mainly influenced by the activities and interactions of microorganisms in the soil, thus affected by nutrients as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the impact of the region atmosphere. In addition, some great potential candidates such as Azotobacter, Bacillus, Trichoderma for application as bio-fertilizers have reported in this paper, and that was also a suggestion of the use of PSMs will encourage sustainable agriculture and this technology is ready for commercial exploitation worldwide.
