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• Yield and Nutritive Value of Taiwanese Napier Grass Imported from Thailand and Grown in Vietnam National University of Agriculture

  Nguyen Thi Hoa Binh, Ngo Thi Thuy, Bui Huy Doanh, Dang Thai Hai, Nguyen Thi Hang, Bui Quang Tuan

  Date Received: 21-03-2017 / Date Accepted: 24-04-2017

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  An experiment was carried out to assess yield and nutritive value of Taiwanese Napier, an elephant grass line originated from Taiwan and imported to Vietnam from Thailand. Taiwanese Napier wasplanted and compared to 3 control grasses,elephant grass, purple elephant grass and VA06 grass in terms of productivity and nutritive value. The experiment was a completely randomized design in which each grass was grown on three plots of 10m2in the field of Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The average yield of Taiwanese Napier of 3 harvests was79.43 tons green matter/ha, 14.97 tons dry matter/ha, 1.80 tons protein/ha, and 324.68 kg dry matter/ha/day. Taiwanese Napier grass contained18.84% dry matter, in which crude protein accountedfor 12.04%. After evaluating yield and nutritivie value, an experiment with goat was conducted at the breeding area of Vietnam National University of Agriculture to determine the UE (Unite d’ encombrement) and the apparent digestibility of four grasses. Four male crossbred (Jumnapari x Saanen) 6-month old goats with weight of 16±0,5kg were randomly divided into 4 batches according to Latin square model. Each goat was fed ad libitum one of four grasses. Results showed that UE of Taiwanese Napier was at the lowest level (1.12), the digestible ratio of dry matter; crude protein and NDF of Taiwanese Napier were 59.34%, 45.33% and 55.18%, respectively.

• Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Application on Green Yield and Nutritive Value of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

  Tang Thi Hanh, Phan Thi Hong Nhung, Pham Van Cuong

  Date Received: 31-03-2015 / Date Accepted: 21-04-2015

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  A field experiment was conducted from June to December in 2013 at Viet NamNational University of Agriculture to evaluate effect of four levels of nitrogen application (0 kgN, 120 kgN, 180 kgN, and 240 kgN per ha at a constant basal fertilizer of 120 kgP2O5and 120 kgK2O per ha) on growth, green fodder yield, and nutritive value of two sorghum cultivars, OPV21 and OPV88. Green yield and its related to parameters as well as nutritive value were determined at three cuttings: first cutting (90 days after sowing), second cutting (45 days after first cutting), and third cutting (45 days after second cutting). The obtained results showed that increase ofnitrogen level from 120 kgN to 180 kgN per ha did not lead to increased green yield. However, nutritive parameters,such as dry matter, total minerals, crude protein, and lipidsincreased while concentration of HCN decreased. At the second and third cutting, both of green yield and crop growth rate of OPV21 cultivar increased significantly with increasednitrogen applicationand concurrent rise inHCN concentration.The experiment suggested that the nitrogen level of 120 kg per ha should be applied for first cutting, whereas 180 kgN to 240 kgN per ha canbe appliedfor later cuttingsof OPV cultivars.

• Biological Characteristics, Nutritive Value, Harvesting and Processing Methods of some Earthworm Species Used as Animal Feed

  Han Quang Hanh, Dang Thuy Nhung, Nguyen Thi Xuan, Vu Dinh Ton

  Date Received: 21-08-2020 / Date Accepted: 23-04-2021

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  Vermiculture and earthworm use as animal feed have been globally developed; however, in Vietnam, vermiculture has been spontaneously developed and not yet become a commercial industry. The objective of this paper is to highlight and evaluate the biological characteristics, nutritive values, harvesting and processing methods of some earthworm species and their use in animal feed. Currently, three main earthworm species popularly cultured in Vietnam are Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavatus), of which Eudrilus eugeniae is the most important species in producing protein biomass. Earthworms are nutrient-rich feed (51.62-69.8 % crude protein, 5.8-12.0% crude fat in dry matter) with sufficient amino acid composition and vitamins. Among the various methods of earthworm processing, drying and hydrolysis are the most appropriate and popular. We should minimize the risks of heavy metal residue, microbial and parasitic contamination, and utilize at a proportion below the recommended doses (15% in chicken diet and 25-30% in fish diet). Further studies should focus on improving the processing methods to produce a safe and feasible source of animal feed with acceptable production costs.

• Use of Insects as Animal Feed: Trends and Prospects

  Dang Thuy Nhung, Nguyen Thi Xuan, Han Quang Hanh, Vu Dinh Ton

  Date Received: 16-10-2020 / Date Accepted: 05-05-2021

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  Use of insects as animal feed has been increasing significantly in the world and considered to be a potential development pathway in Vietnam to substitute protein-rich feed of animal and plant origin. The objectives of this paper is to review and evaluate the biological characteristics, nutritive value, and potential use of several edible insect species as animal feed. Black soldier fly larvae, mealworm, silkworm, locusts, and crickets are the most common species that have been used widely and the greatest potential in term of nutritive value of crude protein and fat contents with 42.1-63.3 and 8.5-36% respectiverly, rich in lysine and threonine. Partial or total supplement of fish meal or soybean meal with insect meal in the poultry and pig diets resulted in similar or even better production performance and meat quality. Some risks of food safety such as microbiological, toxic, and heavy metal contamination should be carefully eliminated during the rearing, harvesting, processing and preserving of insects. Further assessment of the potential and effects of insect replacement in different animal diets are requested to develop a noval and safe source of protein - rich feed material with acceptable production cost.

• Building a Procedure for Adding Cashew Nut in Cookie Making Process

  Dinh Thi Hien, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy, Nguyen Duc Quyet

  Date Received: 15-07-2013 / Date Accepted: 22-10-2013

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  The aim of the study was to build a recipe and procedure for cookies making with cashew supplement in order to produce a tasty, nutritive and convenient fast food to market. The best proportion of cashew added to flour is 10% of the total powder weight. The procedure suggested includes the following steps. Firstly, shortening and butter is l mixed for 3-5 minutes before adding powder milk, sugar, salt and vanilla, then mixing is continued until homogeneous dough is obtained. Secondly, flour and cashew are added and blended in 12-15 minutes afterward. The dough temperature is in range from 19 to 25oC and the moisture is between 16 and 20%. Thirdly, the dough is shaped in to small pieces with 4-5cm in diameter and 3-4mm in thickness. Baking step is carried out at 160oC for 5 minutes followed by 240oC for 3 minutes. The new “cashew cookies” has better nutrient components, higher calories as well as specific characteristics.

• Isolationand Characterization of the Strain Arthrospira plastensisIsolated from Van Quan Lake

  Nguyen Duc Bach, Chu Duc Ha, Vu Le Dieu Huong, Phi Thi Cam Mien

  Date Received: 06-04-2021 / Date Accepted: 05-05-2021

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)is a species of Cyanobacteriaand is widelycultivated for functional foods, cosmeticsand aquaculture feed due to its rich protein, pigments, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements. In Vietnam, Spirulinawasfirst studiedin the late 1970s, mainlyfocused oninvestigating environmentaland nutritive factors aswell asculture techniques. However, very few studies on isolation, identification and characterization of native strain have been done. With the aim of exploiting the indigenous genetic resources, a strain of Cyanobacteria distributed in Van Quan lake (Hanoi) was isolated, identified and culturedinthe medium ofHoagland, BBM, BG-11, ½ Chu-10 and Zarrouk. Bymorphological analysis using optical and electron scanning microscopy combined with 16S rRNA sequence analysis, theisolated strain was identified as Arthrospira platensis. As the results attained, except for Zarroukmedia, this speciescan grow well inin BG-11and BBMmedia. The study provided an initial scientific basis for exploiting indigenous genetic resources for functional foods, cosmeticsand aquaculture feeds.

• Evaluation The Rice Distiller’s By-Product Used as Feed for Small-Holder Pig Production in Three Provinces of Northern VietNam

  Nguyen Cong Oanh, Pham Kim Dang, Vu Dinh Ton, Hornick Jean-Luc

  Date Received: 05-10-2015 / Date Accepted: 09-12-2015

   Abstract PDF (VIETNAMESE)

  In order to evaluate the potential of the rice distiller’s by-product for use as feed, the chemical composition and nutritive value, and its utilisation in pig production, 120 rice alcohol producers were surveyed and 18 samples of rice distiller’s by-product were collected from 3 traditional alcohol villages belonging to 3 different provinces in the North of Viet Nam (Hai Duong, Hung Yen and Bac Giang). The study results showed that rice distillers’ by product was produced in large quantity and available the whole year round in households surveyed (8.266 kg DM/household/year). The majority of this by-product was used for pig production. The rice distiller’s by-product use in feed ration varied between 11- 40% DM and 11-50% DM for sows and fattening pigs, respectively. For the sows, this by-product used in diet gradually reduced from pregnancy to milking sows. For the fattening pigs, its by-product is used continuously from piglet to finishing stage. Rice distiller’s by-product was high in protein, NDF (% DM) and energy (28.18%, 29.93% and 4.866,67 kcal/kg, respectively) but low in dry matter (DM) (11.04%). The low pH value (3.19) and high lactic acid ratio (2.31 g/100 g sample) might help improve digestive health and prevent intestinal diseases.