Effectiveness of Total Ammonia Nitrogen Reduction in Freshwater and Brackish Water of Bacillus polymyxa Spores of Indian Origin

Date Received: 24-04-2025

Date Published: 23-05-2025

##submissions.doi##: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2025.23.4.

Views

6

Downloads

1

Issue: Vol. 23 No. 4 (2025): Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam

Section:

CHĂN NUÔI – THÚ Y – THỦY SẢN

How to Cite:

Dung, L., & Hai, S. V. (2025). Effectiveness of Total Ammonia Nitrogen Reduction in Freshwater and Brackish Water of Bacillus polymyxa Spores of Indian Origin. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(4), 441–448. https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2025.23.4.

Effectiveness of Total Ammonia Nitrogen Reduction in Freshwater and Brackish Water of Bacillus polymyxa Spores of Indian Origin

Le Viet Dung (*) 1 , Sam Van Hai 2

  • Tác giả liên hệ: [email protected]
  • 1 Khoa Thủy sản, Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam
  • 2 CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN GIẢI PHÁP THÚ Y GREENTECH VIỆT NAM

    • Keywords

    Ammonium, ammonia, Bacillus, spore, treatment

    Abstract


    High total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) can be converted into toxic ammonia under high pH, posing a threat to aquatic animals. This study evaluated the ability of Bacillus polymyxa spores imported from India in reduction of TAN in a simulated environment. 1g dose of spores (5.3 billion CFU/g) was added to freshwater and brackish water (17ppt) with TAN concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/l. TAN was determined using a test kit A3 (Otanics, Vietnam). After 24 hours of aeration, TAN levels decreased significantly. The maximum TAN reduction rate reached 0.16-0.18 mg/l/h at a concentration of 5 mg/l. The spores exhibited better activity in brackish water than in freshwater. Further research is needed to improve the effectiveness of B. polymyxa spores.

    References

    Armstrong B.M., Lazorchak J.M., Murphy C.A., Haring H.J., Jensen K.M. & Smith M.E. (2012). Determining the effects of ammonia on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction. Science of the total environment. 420: 127-133.

    Avnimelech Y. (1999). Carbon/nitrogen ratio as a control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture. 176(3-4): 227-235.

    Crab R., Avnimelech Y., Defoirdt T., Bossier P. & Verstraete W. (2007). Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Aquaculture. 270(1-4): 1-14.

    Daud N.S., Rosli M.A., Azam Z.M., Othman N.Z. & Sarmidi M.R. (2019). Paenibacillus polymyxa bioactive compounds for agricultural and biotechnological applications. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 18: 101092.

    Ebeling J.M., Timmons M.B. & Bisogni J. (2006). Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic removal of ammonia–nitrogen in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture. 257(1-4): 346-358.

    Gupta A., Gupta P. & Dhawan A. (2016). Paenibacillus polymyxa as a water additive improved immune response of Cyprinus carpio and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Reports. 4: 86-92.

    Huang Pan L., Lv N. & Tang X. (2017). Characterization of novel Bacillus strain N31 from mariculture water capable of halophilic heterotrophic nitrification - aerobic denitrification. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering. 124(5): 564-571.

    Huang Xu X., Mao Y. l., Huang Y., Rajput I.R. & Li W.f. (2013). Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages. Animal Science Journal. 84(3): 247-252.

    Ibraheim M.H. & El-Din Darwish D. (2013). Hz frequency magnetic field effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. IOSR J Appl Phys. 5(3): 2278-4861.

    Kundu P., Pramanik A., Dasgupta A., Mukherjee S. & Mukherjee J. (2014). Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by Chryseobacterium sp. R31 isolated from abattoir wastewater. BioMed research international. (1): 436056.

    Li Q., He Y., Wang B., Weng N., Zhang L., Wang K., Tian F., Lyu M. & Wang S. (2024). Heterotrophic nitrification - aerobic denitrification by Bacillus sp. L2: mechanism of denitrification and strain immobilization. Water. 16(3): 416.

    Lin W., Luo H., Wu J., Hung T.-C., Cao B., Liu X., Yang J. & Yang P. (2022). A Review of the Emerging Risks of Acute Ammonia Nitrogen Toxicity to Aquatic Decapod Crustaceans. Water.

    Midhun S.J., Arun D., Neethu S., Vysakh A., Radhakrishnan E. & Jyothis M. (2019). Administration of probiotic Paenibacillus polymyxa HGA4C induces morphometric, enzymatic and gene expression changes in Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture. 508: 52-59.

    Midhun S.J., Neethu S., Vysakh A., Arun D., Radhakrishnan E. & Jyothis M. (2017). Antibacterial activity and probiotic characterization of autochthonous Paenibacillus polymyxa isolated from Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Microbial pathogenesis. 113: 403-411.

    Randall D.J. & Tsui T.K.N. (2002). Ammonia toxicity in fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 45(1-12): 17-23.

    Trương Vũ Luân, Nguyễn Thị Khánh Lam, Nguyễn Đắc Khoa & Nguyễn Thị Phi Oanh (2024). Phân lập và tuyển chọn vi khuẩn trong nước thải chế biến thủy sản có khả năng hấp thu ammonium. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Cần Thơ. 60(1): 86-96.

    Wu Kun W.K., Zhong ZhiWei Z.Z., Chen YongGui C.Y., Weng ShaoPing W.S. & He JianGuo H.J. (2017). The relationship between climate change, feeding management and ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in the Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture ponds. ResearchGate.

    Xie Y., Tian X., Liu Y., Zhao K., Li Y., Luo K., Wang B. & Dong S. (2023). Nitrogen removal capability and mechanism of a novel heterotrophic nitrifying - aerobic denitrifying strain H1 as a potential candidate in mariculture wastewater treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 30(48): 106366-106377.

    Yang S., Jin D., Li H., Jiang L., Cui J., Huang W., Rang J., Li Y.-L. & Xia L. (2023). Screening of new Paenibacillus polymyxa S3 and its disease resistance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Journal of Fish Diseases. 46(1): 17-29.

    Yang Wang S.-M., Zhang D.-W. & Zhou L.-X. (2011). Isolation and nitrogen removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying - denitrifying bacterium, Bacillus subtilis A1. Bioresource technology. 102(2): 854-862.

    Zhang Andong Z.Y., Zhang M., Wang Q.N., Wei Y.Q. & Chen L.X. (2014). Isolation and characterization of a heterotrophic nitrifier Proteus mirabilis strain V7 and its potential application in NH4+-N removal. Annals of Microbiology. 64: 1231-1238.

    Zhang Luo L., Wang S., Guo K., Xu W. & Zhao Z. (2022). Screening and characteristics of ammonia nitrogen removal bacteria under alkaline environments. Frontiers in Microbiology. 13: 969722.

    Zhao H., Shao D., Jiang C., Shi J., Li Q., Huang Q., Rajoka M.S.R., Yang H. & Jin M. (2017). Biological activity of lipopeptides from Bacillus. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 101: 5951-5960.

    Zhou S., Zhang X., Liao X., Wu Y., Mi J. & Wang Y. (2019). Effect of different proportions of three microbial agents on ammonia mitigation during the composting of layer manure. Molecules. 24(13): 2513.