Date Received: 22-07-2025
Date Accepted: 20-01-2026
Date Published: 28-03-2026
##submissions.doi##: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2026.24.3.05
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Industrial Livestock Waste Treatment: A Solution from Biochar
,
Dang Thi Le
2
,
Hoang Quoc Viet
,
Nguyen Xuan Hoa
,
Cao Viet Ha
,
Pham Van Cuong (*)
Keywords
Organic fertilizer, mixing ratios, aerobic compost, production costs
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of biochar application in treating industrial livestock wastes, including cattle, poultry, and swine manure, at different mixing ratios (v/v). The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The results indicated that biochar amendment facilitated the maintenance of thermophilic temperatures above 50°C starting from the sixth day of composting, with a duration sustained for 8-12 days. At an equivalent mixing ratio, poultry manure treatments exhibited significantly higher pile temperatures compared to cattle and swine manure, as well as the non-biochar control. Regarding industrial poultry manure, a biochar mixing rate of ≥10% after 45 days of composting yielded a final product characterised by a C/N ratio <12, with limiting factors such as heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg) and pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, Salmonella) remaining within permissible safety limits. Furthermore, this treatment enhanced the nutrient profile, achieving total nitrogen (1.85-2.10%), available phosphorus (1.45-1.63%), and available potassium (1.88-2.24%) contents superior to the control, with a calculated production cost of 1,183 VND/kg. For industrial cattle and swine manure, a biochar mixing rate of ≥ 20% after 45 days resulted in finished composts with a C/N ratio of ≤ 12 and higher concentrations of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium compared to the control. The production costs for these treatments were 1,206 VND/kg and 1,252 VND/kg, respectively, while all heavy metal and harmful microorganisms meet the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2019).
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