Vol. 12 No. 4 (2014)

The experiment aimedto analyze the genetic diversity of 46 local accessionsof colored rice including glutinous and non-glutinous rice based on the presence and polymorphismlevelof SSR molecular markers. The experiment used 35 SSR molecular markers, including 9 monomorphic and 26 polymorphic markers witha total of 68 alleles, anaverage of 2.62 alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 to 0.74 with an average value of 0.46. The rice germplasm was divided into 2 main clusters. In addition, experiments also determined the anthocyanin content of varieties. Sixvarietieswithhighestanthocyanin contentwere N14, N16, N18, N4, N22andN20. The data obtained in this study provide important information for breeding of specialtyriceby molecular markers.

DNA markers RG28, RM223, RM342, L06 and BADH2 comprising 4 primers EAP, ESP, IFAP, INSP have been reported closely linked to fgr gene located on chromosome 8 controlling 2AP synthesis, major materials producing aroma in rice. In our report, marker BADH2 (4 primers EAP, ESP, IFAP, INSP) yielded in high polymorphism and could accurately differentiate between fragrant and none-fragrant rice material. Analysis of F2 population derived from cross between aromatic and non-aromatic rice varieties using this marker showed approximate ratio of segregation of 1: 2 : 1 . Using this marker, from 92% to 95% of F2 individuals expressing aroma in grains were identified as homozygotes for fgr gene. These results confirmed the accuracy of BADH2 marker with 4 primers EAP, ESP, IFAP, INSP to detect fragrant gene in aromatic rice breeding materials.

The study was conducted for the following objectives: to ascertain the optimal concentration of plant growth regulators (BA, NAA), the MS macromineral concentrations for shoot establishment and root induction of Calliandra calothyrsusin vitro and to identify the suitable substrates for acclimatization. The research comprised 3 experiments arranged in completely randomlydesignd . The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 -1 mg/l BA was the best condition for shoot establishment (2.5-2.9 shoots); ½ MS medium supplenmented with 2 mg/l NAA induced more normal roots.Acclimatization of micropropagated plants in plastic pots containing a mixture of sand showed highest survival rate (80%).

A hippeastrum breeding program by crosses between landrace and exotic gremplasm was carried out in Vietnam national university of Agriculture. The objective of our study was to create new hippeastrum cultivars diverse in flower color and shape for the domestic production. Genetic materials included three landrace accessions collected in Vietnam, namely H109, H112, and H126, which were used as female in crossing with three exotic cultivars imported from Japan, H. elvas, H. suzana, and H. splash. Our study proved that there was ability in crossing between the landrace and exotic of hippeastrum germplasm in Vietnam condition. The results showed that the rate of seed setting ranged from 26.9% to 55.9%, and the rate of seed germination ranged from 52.0% to 85.75%.. The hybrid seedlings grew well under condition in Hanoi. Among the crosses, three hybrids showed first flowering 20-21 months after germination. Evaluation of hybrids on the flower color and shape identified THL9-5, and THL4-7. The THL9-5 showed triangular flower shape, big flower diameter (average 17.2 cm), semi-double form (8-9 petals/flower) with dark scarlet red petal (45B). The THL4-7 had a round flower shape with flower diameter of 19.5cm, single form (6 petals/flower) with pink petals (53D). The big petals of THL4-7 exhibited good flower balance. These hybridis showed difference in the flower color and/or flower shape in comparing to the Hippeastrum varieties being cultivated in Vietnam. Having short flower stalks, they are promising for potted flower production. Our study is the first report on hippeastrum breeding, especial creating semi – double form of hippeastrum in Vietnam

LEA protein comprises a large group of proteins which highly accumulates in plant seeds at late stage of maturation. LEA protein is proven to be involved in abiotic stress responses in plants, such as under dehydration and salinity. Genes encoding LEA proteins are divided into 6 different groups. Lea21 gene belongs to group 5. Up to now, there is no report about sequence polymorphsim of Lea21 gene in Vietnamese rice varieties. Therefore, in order to investigate the genetic diversity in rice, Lea21 gene from some salt resistant rice varieties was amplified and sequenced. The Lea21 gene, which consists of 2 exon and 1 intron, was sucessfully amplified using PCR technique and was sequenced.. It was shown that no difference in nucleotide sequences among investigated rice varities was observed, indicating that the sequence of Lea21 gene is highly conserved.

Experiment was carried out in green house to determine rice growth and yield on different of compost producedfromrice straw treated with Trichodermasp. Factorialexperimentin completelyrandomizeddesign was used with 2 factorsand3 replications; factor 1 (A): compost produced fromrice straw (0; 5 and 10 tons/ha) and factor 2 (B): rice varieties (MTL392, OM4900 and Jasmine85). The results indicated that the 10 tons/ha compost application in 1st Autumn-Winter crop gave 10.4% of rice yield higher than thecontrol. The application of 5 tons of compost/ha in two rice crops (Autumn-Winter and Winter-Spring) increased number of tillers and rice yield on Jasmine85 (8.08 tons/ha) in 2nd Winter-Springcrop.

Sedgeor matgrass is mainly propagated by division. The present research aimed to evaluate the effects of granular fertilizer, foliar fertilizer, narrow-wide row arrangement and shoot cut on multiplication coefficient of two elite sedge varieties, MC005 and MC015, by division method.The results indicated that application of granularfertilizer(16:7:12)and foliar fertilizer Atomik 1.8,shootcuttwiceper season, and 15 -15 -30 cm row spacing appeared as appropriatecultural practicesfor increasing multiplication coefficient by division of sedge.

The effect granular or slow-release nitrogen fertilizer ongrowth, development and yield of C919 hybrid maize was studied in Winter 2011 and Spring 2012, in Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province. The experiment consistedof seven application levels per hectare (T1: 0kgN; T 2: 90kgN; T 3: 120kgN; T 4: 150kgN; T 5: 180kgN; T 6: 210kgN and T 7: 150kgN). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, 14 m2plot size, and planting density of 59,000/ha. The experiment plots were applied with 8 tons of manure, 90 P2O5and 90 K2O/ha. The study results showed that the use of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer exerted positive effect on growth, development and yield of corn. With application levels from 120kgN to 210 kgN/ha corn yields varried from 7.046 ton/ha to 7.813 ton/ha; higher than ureaapplicationfrom 16.9 - 21.7%. Application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as compared withurea. It was suggested that forcultivation of C919maize in the study area,slow-release nitrogen fertilizer be applied with the rate of 120 kgN/ha plus the 8 tons of manure, 90kg P2O5and 90kg K2O.

The present study aimed to estimate the effects of cold treatment on growth of 73 chromosome segment subtitution lines(CSSLs) of rice developed from the cross between IndicaIR24 and Japonica Asominori.The experiment was conducted in two plant growth chambers (capacity: 300 litters) with different temperature conditions: 130C (cold stress treatment) and 280C (control temperature). Seeds of 73 genotypes were germinated in cold stress and control temperature conditions in7 days and then cold recovery was done in normal condition (280C) for 3 days.All growth parameters such as coleoptile and radicle were lower under cold treatment than those under control condition. The results showed that cold stress reduced radicle length from 55 to 100% and coleoptile length from 82 to 100% and dry mater accumulation more than 60%.A close relationship was found between dry matter accumulation of coleoptile and cold tolerance. Ten potential lines were selected namely IAS 17, IAS 19, IAS 66, IAS 72, IAS 5, IAS 30, IAS 23, IAS 21, IAS 2 and IAS 26 which could be used as materials for rice breeding.

Field fertilizer experiments were conducted to identify the most effective dosage of ZnSO4 and Rosabor applied to Robusta coffee grown on Ferralsols of DakLak Province. All of experiment plots were applied with 260kg N + 95kg P2O5 + 240kg K2O and 10 tons of manure (every two years). The results showed that ZnSO4 0,4% + Rosabor 0,25% plots with 5 times/year (twice in the dry season and thrice in the rainy season) increasedthe content of nitrogen, potassium, zinc and boron in leaves.Application of ZnSO4 and Rosabor also exerted positive effecton the growthand development, increasedreserve branchlength by 17% and reducedthe ratio of fresh/dry bean by 4%.Highest yield of coffee beans per ha could attain 3.97 tons withVND 71.78 million annual profit.

This study aimedto evaluate the duration at different growth stagesand genetic diversity of twenty early maturing rice (EMRV) varieties and one late maturing rice variety (LMRV) (VN10) as check variety in 2013 spring season, Vietnam nationalUniversity of Agriculture. The resultsshowed that the daysfrom sowing to heading in EMRVwas in a range of 74 to 107 days and 157 daysin LMRV. The period from first leafandsecond leaf apperance and booting were diverse in which the most diverse stage was from second leaf to booting stage with 25 days difference. Phylogenetic tree was constructedwith 50 SSR markers spread over 12 chromosomes and the EMRVswere divided in 5 groups at Polymorphic information content(PIC) = 0.78.

Assessment of slaughtering status in Namdinh showedthat the province had2060 slaughter sites and 3 industrial slaughterhouses. Slaughtering conditions of all slaughter sites didnot meet criteria of the control acts including consciousnessand practices of people involved in slaughter process as well as veterinary inspection. Total aerobic microbial count and E.colicount indicatedthat water for slaughter process was heavily contaminated. Only 19.51% and 36.59% of water samples met the criteria for total aerobic microbial count and E.colicount, respectively. The ratio of pork meat samples that met the criteria was highest for Salmonellacount (90.24%), follwed by E. coli count (76.83%) and S. aureus count (68.29%). The industrial slaughterhouses hadhigher ratios of samples that meet the criteria of slaughter inspection. The study showedthat control and assessment of slaughtering activity, consultance and education for people involved in slaughter process might be good measures for elimination of microbialcontamination of meat during slaughter process that contributes to public health protection.

The aim of this study was to determine the changes of somel hematological parameters in experimental coccidia-infected Luong Phuong chicken caused by Eimeria tenella. Fourty coccidia-free chickens were selected, raised in clean cages and were periodically screened for Eimeria infection status by microscopical fecal examination. Two weeks later, the chickens were distributed into 2 groups, experimental and control groups, 20 chickens in each. The experimental group was inoculated orally with sporulated oocyst of E. tenella at the dose rate of 1 105/chicken, while control group was given orally PBS solution. After one week, all chickens were bled by cardiac puncture to determine hematological parameters. The results indicated that number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin volume, and hematocrit decreased. In contrary, the mean corpuscular volume increased, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations and red cell distribution width remained unchanged. The number of leukocytes increased and its formula was changed, number of neutrophils and eosinophils increased, in the case of lymphocytes decreased. The total protein of serum, its formula and A/G ratio decreased and the formula of corpuscular globulins were also changed as compared with control group chickens.

An experiment was conducted to investigate effects of levels of energy, protein and fiber in the diet on growth and feed conversion efficiency in New Zealand White growing rabbits fed with green forages available in North Vietnam. A total of 125 growing rabbits at 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 25 groups of 5 each to be fed with diets containing different levels of energy, protein and fiber by means of varying the ratio between fiber rich grasses (elephant, setaria or para grass) and protein rich foliages (water spinach vine, sweet potato vine or gigantea leaves) in the basal diets. Results of regression analyses on nutrient-response curves showed that the levels of energy, protein and fiber in the diet strongly affected growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of the rabbit. It was suggested that a diet using local feed resources for New Zealand White growing rabbits should contain 2106-2162 Kcal ME/kg, 16.52-16.75% CP, and 21.86-22.42% ADF in its dry matter.

Cadastral System (CadS) is part of Land administration system including cadastral maps, land registration, land valuation and land information system. The study aims to assess the current state of CadS to find out problems with CadS in Vinh Town which form the basis for proprosals to build modern CadS. The results show that CadS in Vinh Town did not meet the requirements of modern CadS. System of cadastral maps was unsystemmatic, uninformative and outdated. Land registration was not fully conducted for all properties on the land, not yet updated on fluctations; and not connnected with the map. In addition, the services are not qualified enough. Furthermore, Land valuation work did not establish the value, not connected to the tax system; and did not establish distribution system benefits from investments in land.services yet.. Besides those, database of land information system was not standadized, are not widely available and convenient to the user.

Biodiversity study was carried in three major ecosystems, aquatic, terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems to evaluate current status and challenges of biodiversity conservation in Hai Duong province in 2013. In this study, 1,033 species of plants and 881 species of animals in the terrestrial ecosystem; 314 species of animals and plants in the aquatic ecosystem have been identified. Rare and precious species have been identified including 39 species in the Vietnam Red Book, 28 species in Government Decree No 32/2006, and 88 species in the Red list of threatened animals of IUCN 2011. The results revealed that biodiversity resource in Hai Duong is unevenly distributed, the mountainous area being richer in biodiversity than the delta areas. The study also identified 8 hotspots for biodiversity conservation. Finally, major challenges to biodiversity loss were identified such as habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, over-exploitation and climate change, weaknesses in state management and lack of public awareness.

The article presented the method of energy loss calculation for the medium voltage transmission grid based on root mean-square current. Although the energy loss for the medium voltage transmission grid has been studied by many authors and proposed approximate calculation methods, it is inadequate for the application of such methods for concrete condition of the medium voltage grid in our country. By using statistical probability theory and the concrete condition of the medium voltage grid, the energy loss calculation method prốped semed to be conveniently and accurate in collecting data required..

A wide-scale power outrage is a loss of electric power with low probability but dangerous such that it causes great economical and social damage. The power system disintegration resulting in wide-scale power blackouts is a complex phenomenon brought about by different causes. The disintegration of a power system results from a process of separating or losing electric lines or generation units, which happens continuously until it completely divides into isolated regions or areas. The underlying causes derive from the stage of planning, designing, operating, or maintaining, which lead to dangerous wide-scale power outrages. However, for many different reasons, both subjectively and objectively, the investigation of the causes, mechanisms and phenomena bringing about the wide-sclae power outrages was not taken into consideration.

The study identifiedmain factors and evaluatedthe satisfaction of domestic tourists with the quality of tourist services in Duong Lam Ancient Village. Several reseach methodologies were applied in this study, consisting of descriptive statistics, comparative statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Multiple Variable Regression. The findings of the research indicatedthat the satisfaction of domestic tourists with the quality of tourist services in Duong Lam Ancient Village was influenced by 35 single indicators categorized into 6 factors, viz.service ability;prices of goods and services; culture; traditional handicrafts; traditional festivals; cuisine. About 80% of domestic tourists satisfied the tourist quality in the ancient village. However, some visitors have complained about the poor quality of tourist services in the ancient village. Therefore, to capture the tourists’ satisfaction, it is necessary to diversify tourist services as well as maintain and improve the current tourist service quality.

Agricultural Extension is a key to promote agricultural development. As indicated in some researchesin Hanoi, beside the outstanding achievementsincontributing to agricultural developmentandeconomic restructuring in rural areas, the implementation of Agricultural Extension Policyalso faced with difficulties and constraints inthe approach, awareness, human resources, and policy implementation. The study results showed that although the activities on advocacy and policy training, retraining,andjob transfer were highly evaluated, some policies were still not really feasible due to the number of beneficiaries and scope of the policy. In addition, lack of qualified labour and low remuneration also affectedthe effectiveness and efficiency of policy implementation. This article proposed threesolutions to enhance the viability of Agricultural Extension Policies in the area of Hanoi.