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The study was conducted during 2023- 2025 to evaluate the resistance of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), infesting green onion in Hanoi, Haiphong, Hungyen, and Bacninh to four commonly used insecticides using the standard leaf-dip bioassay method with a laboratory population serving as the susceptible strain. The results showed that S. exigua populations from the four provinces exhibited very low to low resistance to chlorfenapyr and spinosad. Population collected from Haiphong exhibited high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR= 62.43-fold), Hungyen population showed moderate to high resistance (RR= 49.56-fold), the Hanoi population displayed moderate resistance (RR= 25.91-fold), whereas the Bacninh population showed very low resistance (RR= 9.94-fold). For emamectin benzoate, Hungyen population exhibited moderate to high resistance (RR= 47.83-fold), Hai Phong population showed moderate resistance (RR= 41.30-fold), while the Bac Ninh and Hanoi populations exhibited low resistance, with resistance ratios of 13.0-fold and 17.47-fold, respectively.  These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of resistance management strategies, including reduced reliance on chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate and their rotation with alternative insecticides such as spinosad to maintain control efficacy and delay resistance development in S. exigua populations. 

Nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích hoàn thiện quy trình nhân giống in vitro cây lan kim tuyến A. lylei Rolfe ex Downies. Năm thí nghiệm đã được tiến hành: (1) Ảnh hưởng của chế độ khử trùng đến tỉ lệ sống và phát sinh hình thái; (2) Ảnh hưởng của BAP, IBA đến khả năng tạo cụm chồi; (3) Ảnh hưởng của kinetin, IBA đến khả năng nhân nhanh chồi; (4) Ảnh hưởng của IBA, than hoạt tính đến khả năng tạo rễ của chồi in vitro; (5) Ảnh hưởng của độ ẩm, giá thể đến tỷ lệ sống của lan kim tuyến A. lylei in vitro trong giai đoạn vườn ươm. Kết quả đã xác định được, chế độ khử trùng kép bằng Ca(OCl)2 và H2O2 ở nồng độ, thời gian tương ứng 10%; 3%; 10 phút 5 phút là tối ưu nhất, cho tỉ lệ mẫu sống và phát sinh hình thái đạt 98% sau 4 tuần nuôi cấy. Môi trường tối ưu để tạo cụm chồi là môi trường MS + 20 g/l sucrose + 6,5 g/l agar + 30 ml/l nước dừa + 2 mg/l BAP + 0,1 mg/l IBA cho tỷ lệ tạo cụm chồi lan kim tuyến A. lylei cao nhất (81,33%) và số chồi/cụm là nhiều nhất (6,25chồi/cụm) sau 8 tuần nuôi cấy. Môi trường nhân nhanh là MS + 20 g/l sucrose + 6,5 g/l agar + 30 ml/l nước dừa + 1,0 mg/l kinetin + 1,0 mg/l IBA cho hệ số nhân chồi cao nhất đạt 15,75 chồi/mẫu, chiều cao chồi là 3,35cm sau 8 tuần nuôi cấy. Môi trường ra rễ phù hợp nhất là MS + 6,5g agar /l + 20g sucrose/l + 0,7g/L than hoạt tính cho tỷ lệ ra rễ là 100%, số rễ đạt 7,2 rễ/cây và chiều dài rễ là 10,9 cm sau 8 tuần nuôi cấy. Hỗn hợp giá thể đất phù sa + trấu hun + phân chuồng (1:1:1) với độ ẩm 80-90% phù hợp nhất cho sự sinh trưởng của cây con lan kim tuyến A. lylei trong vườn ươm với tỷ lệ sống đạt 100% sau 60 ngày nuôi trồng.

This study aimed to assess the influence of organic fertilizer (OF) and lime application on selected soil physicochemical properties—namely soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus (P), and bulk density—as well as on fruit yield and aril proportion of durian cultivated under acidic soil conditions (pH < 5.0). The experiment comprised four treatments: (i) control, (ii) OF applied at 5 t ha−1 year−1, (iii) lime applied at 2 t CaO ha−1 year−1, and (iv) a combined treatment of OF (5 t ha−1 year−1) and lime (2 t CaO ha−1 year−1). The field trial was conducted over a 1-year period (June 2023–May 2024) in a Ri6 durian orchard located in Truong Long commune, Can Tho City. The combined application of OF and lime significantly improved soil chemical and physical attributes, as evidenced by increased pH, higher available P and SOM contents, and reduced bulk density, indicating enhanced soil structure. This amendment increased fruit yield and a higher aril proportion. Correlation analysis further revealed positive relationships between yield and key soil fertility indicators (pH, SOM, and available P). The findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating organic amendments with liming to improve acidic soils and promote sustainable durian production.

Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá xác định hàm lượng tinh bột và tạo dòng tự phối từ 15 vật liệu ngô bột nhập nội. Các vật liệu được trồng trên đồng ruộng trong một thí nghiệm tuần tự không nhắc lại, theo dõi, đánh giá, lựa chọn cây mong muốn thực hiện tự phối, cây còn lại để thụ phấn tự do, thu hạt khô để xác định hàm lượng tinh bột bằng phương pháp đo độ phân cực. Thí nghiệm 1, xác định được 4 vật liệu có hàm lượng tinh bột trên 68% (NB1: 69,03%; NB8: 68,13%; NB9: 69,77%; NB12: 68,66%), tạo được 18 dòng tự phối đời S1. Thí nghiệm 2, xác định được 11/18 dòng tự phối đời S1 có hàm lượng tinh bột trên 68% (NB1-3: 69,05%; NB1-6: 69,03%; NB8-2: 69,25%; NB8-3: 69,13%; NB8-4: 68,47%; NB8-5: 68,26%; NB9-2: 69,54%; NB9-5: 69,66%; NB12-1: 68,68%; NB12-3: 69,06%; NB12-5: 68,60%), tạo được 26 dòng tự phối đời S2. In this study, we take carry to identifying the starch content and to creating inbred lines from 15 imported flour maize samples. These samples were cultivated in the field by the nursery experiment without replication. Conduct observation, evaluation and selection these promising individuals to self-pollination. These others were open-pollination and collection dry grains were identified the starch content by colorimetric method. The first experiment, we identified 4 materials with starch content above 68%, include NB1: 69,03%; NB8: 68,13%; NB9: 69,77%; NB12: 68,66% and created 18 inbred lines (S1). The second experiment, we identified 11 inbred lines (S1) with starch content above 68%, include NB1-3: 69,05%; NB1-6: 69,03%; NB8-2: 69,25%; NB8-3: 69,13%; NB8-4: 68,47%; NB8-5: 68,26%; NB9-2: 69,54%; NB9-5: 69,66%; NB12-1: 68,68%; NB12-3: 69,06%; NB12-5: 68,60%). 26 new inbred lines (S2) were created from 11 inbred line (S1) and they are promising flour maize lines.

This study was conducted to investigate ornamental bird keeping practices and determine the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from bird’s feces in Longbien, Hanoi. A total of 48 bird-keeping households were interviewed, and fecal swab samples were collected. E. coli was isolated on MacConkey agar and identification was performed using biochemical tests. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The results showed that the red-whiskered bulbul is the most commonly kept species among households (50,0%). All households keep birds exclusively in cages, and the majority do not own other animal species (60.4%). Most households (95.8%) reported cleaning bird feces either daily or every 2-3 days. However, only 10.9% of households used gloves during feces handling, and 78.3% reported washing their hands with soap after handling bird feces. E. coli was detected in 13/48 samples (27.1%). All 13 E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, 6 multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates were observed (46.2%). The E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (84.6%), tetracycline (53.8%), ampicillin (46.2%) and streptomycin (38.5%).

This study was conducted to evaluate the composition, morphological characteristics, and relationship between intestinal protozoan infection intensity and digestive disorders in cultured frogs from several northern provinces of Vietnam. A total of 219 frog samples showing reduced feeding, abdominal distension, and digestive disorders were collected from 19 farms in Ninh Binh, Hai Phong, and Thanh Hoa provinces. Intestinal samples were examined using fresh wet mounts combined with Lugol’s iodine staining to determine the composition, prevalence, and infection intensity of protozoa. Protozoa were preliminarily identified based on morphology, motility patterns, ciliary distribution, and cytoplasmic characteristics. Three major protozoan groups were recorded, including Balantidium spp., Nyctotherus spp., and Cepedea spp. Protozoa were detected in 198/219 examined samples, accounting for 90.4%. Total protozoan infection intensity varied considerably among surveyed farms, with several farms showing extremely high infection intensity (>600 protozoa/field). Common clinical signs observed in infected frogs included reduced feeding, abdominal distension, intestinal gas accumulation, and intestinal haemorrhage. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that total protozoan burden was positively correlated with cumulative mortality and clinical severity among surveyed farms (p < 0.001). The results suggest that excessive proliferation of intestinal protozoa may be closely associated with digestive disorders in cultured frogs under intensive farming conditions.

Non-human primates are natural hosts of multiple malaria parasites, including species with zoonotic potential in Southeast Asia. This study aimed to detect and preliminarily characterize Plasmodium spp. in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Cuc Phuong Forest, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam. In August 2024, blood samples from 11 macaques showing clinical signs suggestive of hemoparasitic infection were examined using Diff-Quik-stained blood smears and PCR assays. Of the 11 samples, 10 (90.91%) were positive for Plasmodium spp. Partial 18S rRNA gene sequencing of six representative samples showed high similarity to published Plasmodium inui sequences in GenBank. Co-detection of Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. was also observed in several macaques. These findings provide preliminary molecular evidence for the presence of P. inui in long-tailed macaques in Cuc Phuong Forest.

Taenia hydatigena is a tapeworm species parasitizing dogs and is of important veterinary significance because its larval stage, Cysticercus tenuicollis, causes considerable economic losses in intermediate hosts. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the genetic characteristics of T. hydatigena parasitizing dogs in Hanoi based on two mitochondrial markers, cox1 and 12S rRNA. Adult tapeworms were collected, followed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing. The obtained cox1 and 12S rRNA sequences showed 100% nucleotide identity with reference sequences deposited in GenBank, confirming the species as T. hydatigena. Based on 100 cox1 gene sequences and 104 sequences of 12S rRNA gene , a total of 13 and 49 haplotypes were identified, respectively. Genetic diversity indices indicated that the 12S rRNA gene exhibited a higher level of variation than the cox1 gene (Hd = 0.863 vs. 0.442; π = 0.068 vs. 0.020). The haplotype network displayed a star-like structure with one dominant central haplotype, suggesting a recent population expansion from a common ancestor. In addition, several haplotypes formed distinct genetic clusters, indicating the possible existence of separate evolutionary lineages. The findings provide important molecular data for future epidemiological studies of T. hydatigena.

Taenia taeniaeformis is a common cestode parasite of domestic cats and the only species of the genus Taenia known to infect this host, characterized by variation in rostellar hook number. This study aimed to molecularly identify and assess the intraspecific genetic diversity of T. taeniaeformis isolated from domestic cats in Vietnam. Nine adult specimens exhibiting 32–48 rostellar hooks were analyzed using mitochondrial markers (cox1 and nad1) through PCR amplification and bidirectional sequencing. The obtained sequences showed high nucleotide similarity with reference sequences in GenBank (99.53% for cox1 and 99.78% for nad1), confirming species identity. Haplotype network analysis of 90 cox1 sequences identified 42 haplotypes, with high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.916) but low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.017). Vietnamese isolates displayed moderate haplotype diversity and relatively high genetic homogeneity. For the nad1 dataset (34 sequences), 22 haplotypes were detected, with higher nucleotide diversity (π = 0.066). Overall, nad1 exhibited greater genetic variability than cox1, suggesting its higher discriminatory power for population genetic and phylogenetic analyses. This study provides important molecular data on T. taeniaeformis in domestic cats in Vietnam and contributes to a better understanding of its genetic structure and epidemiology.

This study was conducted to describe demographic characteristics, assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), evaluate the human–animal bond (HAB), and identify several barriers to dog and cat care in Hanoi. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to August 2025 on 302 dog and cat owners using a 41-item semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that female respondents accounted for 58.9%, those aged 18–34 years represented 81.8%, and respondents with university education or higher accounted for 88.1%. Cat owners made up the largest proportion (55.6%), followed by dog owners (31.1%) and owners of both dogs and cats (13.2%). The proportion of correct answers was high for toxic foods (83.8%), harmful effects of obesity (80.5%), and the importance of vaccination (70.2%), but lower for regular deworming (40.4%) and routine health examination and screening in clinically healthy pets (30.8%). Most participants showed positive attitudes toward preventive care; however, practices remained limited. Only 38.4% had taken their pets for health examination within the previous 6–12 months, 33.4% fully complied with vaccination schedules, 21.9% used ectoparasite prevention regularly, and 62.6% had never provided oral hygiene care for their pets. Internet was the first source of information when pets developed health problems for 81.8% of respondents, whereas only 9.6% sought advice from veterinarians. HAB was relatively high, with 82.8% considering pets as family members. High care costs and conflicting online information were the two main barriers identified. The findings indicate that pet owners in Hanoi had positive attitudes and strong emotional attachment to their pets, but important gaps remained in preventive veterinary knowledge and practice.

Trypanosoma evansi, Theileria spp., and Anaplasma spp. are important blood-borne parasites in cattle that adversely affect animal health and production efficiency. This study aimed to establish a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of these three pathogens and to preliminarily evaluate its applicability to field blood samples collected in Hanoi. Three specific primer pairs targeting the 16S rDNA gene of Anaplasma spp., the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria spp., and the RoTat 1.2 VSG gene of T. evansi were used in the assay. The results showed that the optimal multiplex PCR conditions were an annealing temperature of 54°C and a primer concentration of 10.0 pmol for each primer, producing clear amplicons of the expected sizes without cross-amplification with Babesia spp., haemoplasmas, or Rickettsia spp. The assay detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 0.2 ng/µl. When applied to 54 cattle blood samples collected from Phu Dong farm, Hanoi, 19 samples (35.2%) were positive, with Theileria spp. showing the highest detection rate. The multiplex PCR results were fully consistent with those of singleplex PCR performed on the same samples. These findings suggest that multiplex PCR is a promising tool for rapid simultaneous screening of major blood parasites in cattle under field conditions in Vietnam.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease with mortality rates of up to 100%. ASF virus (ASFV) can persist in livestock wastewater; however, its concentration is often low and affected by PCR inhibitors, posing challenges for detection. This study aimed to refine a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based method for ASFV concentration before DNA extraction to improve detection efficiency using real-time PCR. The results identified optimal processing conditions, including a sample volume of 15 mL, pre-centrifugation at 2,000g for 10 minutes, and the use of the supernatant for virus concentration. The optimal PEG 6000 concentration was 15% (w/v), with virus pelleting performed at 10,000g for 30 minutes. Two DNA extraction methods yielded comparable performance. Application of the PEG-based concentration protocol significantly improved ASFV detection compared to untreated samples. In field samples, the number of positive detections increased from 1/56 (untreated) to 8/56 (PEG-treated). These findings suggest that PEG-based virus concentration has strong potential for environmental surveillance and early detection of ASFV in pig production systems.

TÓM TẮT Từ tháng 2 – 11/2025, 110 mẫu giò, chả thu thập từ 21 chợ truyền thống trên địa bàn các xã, phường ngoại thành phía bắc Hà Nội. Kết quả kiểm tra cho cho thấy, vẫn có một tỷ lệ lớn mẫu giò, chả bày bán tại các chợ không đạt chỉ tiêu vệ sinh theo quy định. Trong đó, có 68,2% số mẫu không đạt chỉ tiêu tổng số vi khuẩn hiếu khí; 46,4% số mẫu không đạt chỉ tiêu E. coli; 100% số mẫu đạt chỉ tiêu Salmonella. Tuy nhiên, số mẫu đạt cả ba chỉ tiêu vi sinh theo quy định chỉ chiếm 18,2%. Không phát hiện chủng vi khuẩn E. coli mang gen stx1, stx2, eaeA, và hlyA. Tuy nhiên, có 5 (9,8%) trong số 51 chủng E. coli phân lập được  mang ít nhất một gen sản sinh độc tố bền nhiệt (ST) hoặc độc tố không bền nhiệt (LT). Cụ thể, hai chủng (3,92%) được phát hiện mang gen STa, và ba chủng (5,88%) được phát hiện mang đồng thời gen LT và STa. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra tình trạng vệ sinh của thực phẩm chế biến sẵn, cảnh báo về nguy cơ tiềm ẩn của các chủng E. coli mang gene độc có mặt trong giò, chả. Chính vì thế, các khâu chế biến, bày bán... cần được quản lý và giám sát chặt chẽ để đảm bảo an toàn thực phẩm.

The grand razor clam (Solen grandis Dunker, 1861) is an economically important aquaculture species in Vietnam, but its natural populations are severely declining due to overexploitation. This study aimed to determine the optimal salinity levels and feed types for broodstock conditioning under controlled conditions to support artificial seed production and stock restoration. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four salinity treatments (15; 20; 25 and 30‰) and five feed treatments (mono-specific microalgae Nannochloropsis sp., Isochrysis sp., Chaetoceros sp.; a 1:1:1 mixture of the three species; and commercial algae paste/dry form), each replicated three times. Broodstock (shell length 8–10 cm) were conditioned at 27–29°C, pH 7.9–8.5, and dissolved oxygen >6 mg/L for 30–45 days, with spawning induced by combined thermal and salinity shocks. Results showed that 25 ‰ salinity and feed treatment of three-species microalgae mixture yielded superior outcomes achieved high reproductive performance: survival rate (73.67), gonadal maturity (68.67; 77.30%), spawning participation (67.02; 70.48%), fertilization rate (76.00; 76.50%), and effective spawning rate (D-larvae yield) 69.47%. Realized fecundity remained stable across salinity treatments (80.51–82.32 × 10⁴ eggs/female; P > 0.05), indicating that salinity primarily affects reproductive quality rather than egg quantity in successfully spawning individuals. In cases of insufficient fresh microalgae supply or challenges in biomass culture (due to weather, cost, or technical limitations), commercial algae can serve as a temporary substitute for broodstock conditioning, although reproductive performance is approximately 10–20% lower than with the fresh microalgae mixture. These findings provide a strong scientific basis for developing efficient broodstock conditioning protocols for S. grandis, contributing significantly to large-scale artificial seed production and the sustainable conservation and restoration of wild razor clam stocks in Vietnam.

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của việc thay thế khô dầu đậu nành (KDN) bằng khô dầu Sacha inchi (KSI) trong khẩu phần ăn đến năng suất sinh trưởng, năng suất thân thịt, chất lượng thịt và thành phần axit béo trong thịt của gà lông màu. Tổng 160 gà lai (Hồ × Lương Phượng), khối lượng 1507±22,1 g, được phân vào 4 lô, 40 con/lô và 4 ô lặp lại/lô, cân bằng về khối lượng và tỷ lệ trống mái. Gà được ăn 1 trong 4 khẩu phần: 01 ĐC (KPCS chứa 15% KDN) và 3 khẩu phần dựa vào KPCS, chỉ thay thế KDN bằng KSI lần lượt ở mức 5% (KSI5), 10% (KSI10) và 15% (KSI15). Thời gian thí nghiệm là 56 ngày. Kết quả cho thấy, thay thế KSI không ảnh hưởng đến khối lượng cơ thể gà kết thúc, tăng khối lượng, hệ số chuyển hóa thức ăn (P > 0,05). Các chỉ tiêu năng suất thân thịt và chất lượng thịt không có sự khác biệt giữa các lô (P > 0,05). Tuy nhiên, việc tăng mức KSI trong khẩu phần làm tăng hàm lượng omega-3, giảm tỷ lệ omega-6/omega-3 và giảm hàm lượng cholesterol thịt (P < 0,05). Kết quả cho thấy khô dầu Sacha inchi có thể thay thế hoàn toàn khô dầu đậu nành trong khẩu phần của gà thịt lông màu để nâng chất lượng và giá trị dinh dưỡng của thịt.

This study was conducted from January to September 2025 to evaluate the effects of slaughter age on the productivity and meat quality of Lac Son Ri chickens. A total of 1,000 Lac Son Ri chickens were raised in Chi Thien commune, Hoa Binh province, under a free-range system with a stocking density of 10 birds/m² in the barn and 1 bird/m² in the yard. Birds were fed a complete commercial diet. Slaughter ages for males were 4, 4.5, and 5 months, and for females were 3.5, 4, and 4.5 months. Results showed that thigh meat weight, by-product weight, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage of males increased with age and reached the highest values at 5 months (P <0.05). Similarly, these traits in females increased with age and were highest at 4.5 months (P <0.05). In males, meat lipid and cholesterol contents increased with slaughter age, reaching 4.38 g/100 g and 88.58 mg/100 g, respectively, at 5 months (P <0.05). In females, breast meat lipid and cholesterol contents were highest at 4.5 months, at 3.98 g/100 g and 74.2 mg/100 g, respectively (P <0.05). Overall, the study indicates that slaughtering Lac Son Ri males at 4.5 months and females at 3.5 months provides optimal live weight and meat yield while reducing abdominal fat, lipid, and cholesterol contents in the meat.

The present study aimed to evaluate the current quality of aquafeed ingredients from different feed mills and local brokers in Southern Vietnam, focusing on nutritional composition and safety levels. The results showed that fishmeal was a rich source of protein. In which Peruvian and Chilean fishmeals had high protein content (>65%), while local fishmeals contained lower content (<62%), and Tra catfish fishmeal contained 56−62% protein and 8−10% lipid. Meat and bone meal had high protein and ash content (30−37%), but a less balanced amino acid composition than fishmeals. The protein content of soybean meal ranged from 45% to 46%, while the lipid content was low (<3.5%). Marine fish oil contained essential fatty acids such as HUFA, whereas soybean oil was a source of valuable fatty acids like Linolenic acid and Alpha-Linolenic acid. Starch sources, such as wheat flour, rice bran, and maize, contained high carbohydrate content (45−76%). Furthermore, the results for safety limits of ingredients revealed that neither mycotoxins nor heavy metals exceeded their permissible limits. Overall, the findings indicated that the quality and safety limits of the feed ingredients at the time of the surveywere suitable for aquafeed production.

This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with Translucent Postlarvae Disease (TPD) in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) at the postlarval stage, and to evaluate the effects of salinity on bacterial growth. Postlarvae exhibiting typical clinical signs including a transparent body, empty gut, atrophied and pale or colorless hepatopancreas, lethargic swimming behavior, and aggregation at the tank bottom or along the tank wall were collected from nursery facilities. The bacterial pathogen was identified using both biochemical and PCR methods. In addition, the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was determined, histopathological examination was performed, and the growth performance of the isolated strain was assessed under seven different salinity conditions (5‰, 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, 25‰, 30‰, and 35‰). A total of six Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated, among which two strains harbored all three TPD-associated virulence genes, while the remaining four carried a single gene. Strain V. parahaemolyticus CED25.047, which possessed all three virulence genes, exhibited LD₅₀ values of 2.6 × 10⁷ CFU/mL at 18 hours and 1.3 × 10³ CFU/mL at 40 hours post-immersion. This strain demonstrated strong growth at salinities ranging from 15‰ to 35‰, with optimal proliferation at 30‰, while its growth was markedly inhibited at 5‰ and 10‰. Histopathological analysis revealed characteristic lesions in the hepatopancreas, including necrosis and degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, epithelial sloughing, and nuclear shrinkage or deformation. This study provides valuable insights into the biological characteristics of TPD-causing V. parahaemolyticus in post-larvae P. vannamei and highlights the influence of environmental salinity on bacterial proliferation, contributing to improved surveillance and disease prevention strategies during the shrimp nursery phase.

Although extensive research has examined the effects of international trade and economic development on environmental quality, the environmental impacts of agricultural activities across different stages of development remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of agricultural raw material exports, agricultural value added, and agricultural employment on greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, and total GHG) in Asian countries across different income groups. Using panel data covering the period 1990–2022, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) models, incorporating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework to analyze the income–pollution relationship. The results support the EKC hypothesis, indicating that high-income countries exhibit lower environmental impacts due to stricter environmental regulations and the adoption of advanced technologies. Agricultural exports are found to increase emissions in low- and lower-middle-income countries, while reducing emissions in high-income countries. Agricultural employment contributes to higher long-run emissions, with stronger effects observed in low-income economies. The impact of agricultural value added varies across income groups. The study concludes with policy implications aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural growth and environmental protection in Asia.

The study aimed to evaluate the role of CO2 sequestration in evergreen broadleaf natural forests within the Ngan Truoi Reservoir watershed, an area of critical importance for forest ecosystem services. Thirty-six standard plots (1,000 m² each) were established across three forest conditions (rich, medium, and poor). Forest biomass was estimated from field measurements (DBH, tree height) using regression equations, and subsequently converted into carbon stock and CO2 sequestration. Results showed statistically significant differences in CO2 sequestration capacity among forest conditions (the Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05). Rich forests sequestered the highest amount of CO2 (392.46 t/ha), followed by medium forests (219.76 t/ha) and poor forests (197.17 t/ha). The findings confirm that each forest condition contributes to CO2 uptake and storage. This study adds quantitative evidence on the CO2 sequestration potential of natural forests and provides a scientific basis for forest management, conservation, and restoration, contributing to climate change mitigation and sustainable forestry development.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating soybean residue into the cultivation substrate of Ganoderma lucidum GA2 as a replacement for wheat bran. The experiment was designed using substrates supplemented with varying levels of soybean residue (1%, 3%, and 5%). Results indicated that  supplementation from 1 – 5% did not significantly affect mycelial growth or fruiting body development compared to the control. However, 3% supplementation increased polysaccharide content (34.91 mg/g DW), total polyphenols (8.81 mg GAE/g DW), and antioxidant activity (14.87 mg TE/g DW). These findings suggest that soybean residue serves as a promising alternative to conventional substrates and improves the medicinal value of G. lucidum by increasing its bioactive compounds.

The Rainfall plays an essential role in the natural ecosystem and is a key climatic factor directly influencing the survival of humans, animals, and plants—particularly in agricultural production activities. In the context of increasingly complex climate change, extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall, storms, and floods have become more difficult to predict; thus, accurate rainfall forecasting has become both critical and highly challenging. In this study, we focus on analyzing meteorological features and evaluating the performance of machine learning models in rainfall forecasting for a specific region, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of local weather characteristics and rainfall patterns. In the field of machine learning, the quality of input data plays a decisive role in the effectiveness of predictive models. Therefore, to enhance model performance, we introduce a multi-step data enhancement solution for improving input features. To evaluate both the predictive performance of the models and the effectiveness of the proposed solution, various machine learning algorithms were implemented and assessed using multiple evaluation metrics, including Accuracy, F1-score, Weighted F1-score, and AUC. The results indicate that, with the proposed approach, the forecasting models achieved significant improvements across most evaluation metrics compared to those trained solely on the original dataset.

This study examines the impact of external environmental factors on the control environment of small and medium enterprises in the trade and service sector in Hanoi. Using survey data collected from 265 small and medium enterprises, the study applies Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and multiple linear regression to test the proposed research model. The results indicate that standards and practices, the legal and regulatory environment, and the economic–competitive environment positively influence the control environment, with standards and practices exerting the strongest effect. The findings contribute empirical evidence on the role of external environmental factors in shaping the control environment and provide managerial implications for enhancing internal control quality in small and medium enterprises.

Việt Nam là quốc gia xuất khẩu gạo hàng đầu trên thế giới, đóng góp vào an ninh lương thực toàn cầu. Tuy nhiên, ngành gạo đang gặp nhiều khó khăn như: thay đổi thời tiết, thu hẹp diện tích gieo trồng, giá biến động mạnh. Đứng trước thực tế đó, Chính phủ đã ban hành nhiều chính sách để chuyển dịch cơ cấu xuất khẩu, theo hướng đa dạng chủng loại và thị trường xuất khẩu. Bài viết áp dụng chỉ số Herfindahl – Hirschman (HHI) và số liệu xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam từ năm 2010 đến 2024 để định lượng mức độ tập trung (sự đa dạng) trong xuất khẩu gạo. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy thị trường xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam ở mức tập trung cao, trong đó thị trường truyền thống như: ASEAN chiếm tỷ trọng lớn, tiếp theo là Châu Á khác và Châu Phi. Chủng loại gạo xuất khẩu cũng ở mức tập trung cao, chiếm tỷ trọng lớn là gạo trắng; gạo thơm tuy có tăng về giá trị tuyệt đối nhưng mức tăng thấp hơn gạo trắng. Trên cơ sở đó, bài viết đưa một số khuyến nghị để xuất khẩu gạo của Việt Nam phát triển bền vững trong thời gian tới

Rice production plays an important role in ensuring food security; however, it is also a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture, mainly CH₄, N₂O, and CO₂. This article focuses on clarifying several theoretical issues concerning the development of low-emission rice production, including its concept, characteristics, roles, major measures, and influencing factors. The review findings indicate that the development of low-emission rice production is a multi-objective development process that integrates the requirements of maintaining productivity, improving economic efficiency, protecting the environment, and adapting to climate change. The major measures include appropriate water management; innovation in cultivation practices; sustainable management of fertilizers and rice straw; energy conservation; and strengthening production organization in association with sustainable farming standards. The article also points out that low-emission rice production depends on various factors, such as ecological conditions, technical capacity, household resources, irrigation infrastructure, markets, policies, and producers’ awareness.

Although consumer demand for fresh vegetables and fruits with high nutritional value, such as cherry tomatoes, has been increasing, studies on willingness to pay (WTP) and the factors influencing WTP for cherry tomatoes remain limited. This study aims to estimate consumers’ WTP for cherry tomatoes and identify the determinants of WTP among urban consumers in Vietnam. Based on data collected from 200 consumers, the payment card method was employed to estimate WTP, while an ordered logit regression model was applied to analyze the factors affecting WTP. The results indicate that the average WTP was approximately VND 37,000 per kilogram, with noticeable differences across urban areas and product attributes. Education level, food expenditure, concern for freshness, food safety, brand, knowledge of the health benefits of cherry tomatoes, and prior consumption experience positively influenced WTP, whereas age had a negative effect. In addition, consumers tended to be willing to pay higher prices for orange-colored and oval-shaped cherry tomatoes. The findings provide important policy implications for promoting product development and expanding the cherry tomato market in Vietnam.

Migration is a major strategy helping households manage risk. However, the existing literature continues to debate whether migration and remittances primarily protect basic consumption levels or finance long-term capacity-enhancing investments (such as education or healthcare). This paper addresses this issue by analyzing the impact of migration on both the level and structure of household expenditure in rural Vietnam. Utilizing 2022 survey data from 1,227 households in Ha Tinh and Dak Lak, this study applies Ordinary Least Squares models with commune fixed effects, coupled with Propensity Score Matching and doubly robust estimators for robustness checks. The results indicate that households with migrants exhibit a 12–14% higher total expenditure. Notably, these additional resources are primarily allocated towards education and healthcare, whereas the impact on food expenditure is insignificant. These findings reinforce the New Economics of Labor Migration theory, confirming that migration provides financing for investments that yield long-term developmental returns.

This study aimed to evaluate the current situation and analyze enablers and barriers that influence the agricultural waste and by-products management toward circular economy in Hai Duong province (now Hai Phong city). We applied the descriptive statistics and comparative methods to analyze the current situation based on information from interviewing 92 households by a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that approximately one-third of the surveyed households applied circular models to manage agricultural waste and by-products. However, the rate of waste and by-products reused were low, and the management methods were mainly traditional, so the added value of agricultural waste and effectiveness of environmental protection were not high. Besides enablers such as the support of the local government, there are some barriers affecting the circular management of agricultural waste and by-products, including farmers' awareness, land, resources, infrastructure, and coordination among relevant stakeholders. To promote agricultural waste and by-products management toward circular economy, Hai Phong city needs to implement a combination of solutions to address the above challenges.

This study provides an overview of the factors influencing technology spillovers in animal feed manufacturers, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of absorptive capacity. Based on a synthesis of theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence, five key groups of determinants are identified: (i) firms’ internal capabilities; (ii) industry network linkages; (iii) access to external technologies; (iv) competitive pressure; and (v) institutional and policy environment. Technology spillovers do not occur automatically but are closely dependent on firms’ knowledge base, organizational structures, and learning mechanisms. Within this process, absorptive capacity plays a pivotal “bridge” role in transforming external knowledge into endogenous innovation capabilities. Accordingly, the study highlights existing research gaps and suggests future directions that are particularly relevant to the context of Vietnam’s animal feed manufacturers.

This study assesses the factors influencing accounting information quality within the context of digital transformation in business activities. Employing Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA, CFA, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research validated scale reliability and explored the correlations between variables within the proposed framework. Empirical findings reveal that while technology, processes, and user satisfaction are rated as relatively high, the digital ecosystem and overall information quality remain constrained due to suboptimal system integration. Statistical analysis confirms that accounting information quality is concurrently driven by technology, processes, and the digital ecosystem, which subsequently exerts a direct impact on user satisfaction. Consequently, the study suggests key interventions such as enhancing technological adoption, refining business processes, and developing a synchronized digital ecosystem to elevate the quality of accounting information management.

The retail sector serves as an indispensable intermediary between manufacturers and consumers, facilitating the circulation of goods, enhancing shopping convenience, and optimizing the overall consumer experience. Nevertheless, customers' purchase intentions within this sector are shaped by a complex interplay of factors, particularly in the context of online shopping. Drawing on a bibliometric approach applied to 295 documents published between 2003 and 2026 retrieved from the Scopus database, this study employs VOSviewer and Biblioshiny to systematically map prevailing research trajectories. The findings reveal a marked surge in scholarly output in recent years, with growing attention directed toward benefit perception, psychological biases, consumer trust, and the transformative influence of technology on purchasing behavior. Citation network and co-authorship analyses further indicate a pronounced fragmentation of research across countries, alongside notable gaps in bridging psychological and technological determinants with purchase intention. Based on these insights, the study advocates for deeper investigation into the roles of artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, the metaverse, and trust-related constructs in shaping online purchase intention within the retail sector, with a view to fostering the industry's long-term sustainable development.