Ngày nhận bài: 18-10-2024
Ngày duyệt đăng: 24-12-2025
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TỔNG QUAN VỀ TẢO NỞ HOA GÂY HẠI: NGUYÊN NHÂN VÀ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN NUÔI TRỒNG THỦY SẢN
Từ khóa
Hiệu quả sinh thái, chăn nuôi, Việt Nam
Tóm tắt
Nuôi trồng thủy sản đang phát triển nhanh chóng trên toàn thế giới, cung cấp nguồn thực phẩm rất lớn cho con người từ nghề nuôi trồng thủy sản và đã vượt qua sản lượng đánh bắt tự nhiên. Việc mở rộng và thâm canh hóa các mô hình nuôi trồng thủy sản từ đất liền đến biển, dẫn đến hàm lượng dinh dưỡng trong môi trường nước ngày càng phú dưỡng (chủ yếu là tỷ lệ N:P), sự xuất hiện của tảo nở hoa sẽ xảy ra thường xuyên hơn. Tảo nở hoa gây hại (HAB) thường là các loài thực vật phù du, không hoặc có sinh ra độc tố gồm Chaetoceros spp., Heterosigma spp., Microcystis spp., Karenia spp., Alexandrium spp., Pyrodinium sp., Noctiluca sp., Dinophys sp., Trichodesmium sp., Prorocentrum sp., Pseudonitzhia sp. và Cochlodinium sp…. gây hại cho cá, tôm, động vật thân mềm ngoài tự nhiên và trong ao nuôi, ngay cả con người; gây ra các bệnh nghiêm trọng được gọi là ngộ độc từ động vật thân mềm như gây tê liệt, tiêu chảy và mất trí nhớ trên người sử dụng chúng. Kết quả của bài viết này thảo luận về sự xuất hiện của HAB, các yếu tố sinh ra và duy trì HAB; tác động gây hại của HAB đến nuôi trồng thủy sản trong quá khứ, hiện tại và tương lai nhằm mục tiêu cải thiện việc đánh giá rủi ro ngộ độc nguồn thực phẩm cho người tiêu dùng.
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