Vol. 23 No. 5 (2025): Tạp chí Khoa học Nông nghiệp Việt Nam

This study evaluated the effects of drought stress during the flowering stage on the growth and yield of 10 quinoa genotypes originating from different sources. A two-factor experiment, including genotypes (10 quinoa genotypes) and drought treatments (artificial drought for 2 weeks during the flowering stage), was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The results showed that drought stress during the flowering stage significantly reduced main stem height, number of leaves per main stem, number of primary branches, leaf area, accumulated dry matter, 1000-seed weight, and individual plant yield in most genotypes. However, the degree of impact varied among them. Genotypes G18, G23, and Atlas maintained relatively stable growth and yield under drought conditions, indicating strong adaptability. Genotypes Cahuil, Q4, Lucaboldo, and Isluga exhibited good recovery capacity as evident by enhanced leaf development and dry matter accumulation after the drought period. Conversely, Q1 and Titicaca were the most severely affected, showing pronounced declines across all observed traits. Genotypes G18, G23, and Atlas are proposed as potential materials for breeding programs and for expanding quinoa production under drought-prone conditions.

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.) is a valuable temperate fruit tree grown mainly in Northern Vietnam. However, studies on the agronomic characteristics of apricot the local accessions are still lacking, especially those grown in Huong Son, My Duc, Hanoi. This study aimed to evaluate the agro-morphological characteristics of three Japanese apricot accessions (Ta, Yen Bai, Ma Dao) being grown in Huong Son commune. Each local accession was evaluated on 10 trees, each tree was a replication, with the criteria of leaf shape and color; shape, weight and Brix of the fruit, shape and weight of stone and yield of the 3 accessions. The evaluation results showed that the 3 apricot accessions all have round-ovate leaf shape. However, the growth form, color, and weight of the 3 accessions are very different. The growth form of Ta apricot is semi - upright and spread, while Yen Bai apricot and Ma Dao apricot have an semi - upright growth habit. The fruit weight and yield of Ta apricot are also higher than the other accessions. Thus, among the three accessions, Ta apricot grew the best under the cultivation conditions in Huong Son.

The Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) possesses rigid, sharp fins, making it prone to injury during capture, transportation and research procedures. Anesthesia is a potential solution to mitigate these issues while promoting aquatic animal welfare. Azaperone is a compound with sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic properties commonly used for animal capture and transport but has not yet tested on Channel catfish. This study explored the use of Azaperone as an anesthetic for Channel catfish through immersion comprising three experiments: acute toxicity level, anesthetic efficacy, and optimal concentration. The results indicated an LC50-96h of 1.737ppm under environmental conditions of 26-28°C, pH [7.5-7.9] and DO > 5.0 mg/l. Swimming behavior, balance, and respiratory rate varied across the stages of anesthesia. A concentration of 20ppm was found to be suitable for anesthetizing Channel catfish for 20 minutes, making it appropriate for various purposes, including surgery and transportation.

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of extracts from different parts of the moringa plant against pathogenic bacteria in whiteleg shrimp. A total of 9 bacterial strains were successfully isolated and identified, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 3) from shrimp infected with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis, V. alginolyticus (n = 3) from shrimp infected with white feces syndrome, and V. harveyi (n = 3) from luminous infected shrimp. From 500g of each part, 278ml of immature fruit extract, 170ml of fresh leaf extract, and 250ml of seed oil were obtained. The results from the inhibition assessment using the disk diffusion method showed that the inhibition zones for the three bacterial species ranged from 12.8 to 13.4mm for leaf extracts and 14.7 to 15.7mm for immature fruit extracts, while the seed oil did not produce any inhibition zones. The fresh leaf extract completely inhibited (MBC) V. parahaemolyticus at a dilution ratio of 1:16 (3.13% extract) and for the two species V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi at 1:64 (0.78% extract). The immature fruit extract achieved an MBC value of 1:32 (1.56% extract) against V. parahaemolyticus and 1:128 (0.39% extract) against the other two bacterial species. The study results demonstrate the potential application of fresh extracts from moringa leaves and pods for controlling bacterial infections in shrimp..

High nitrite concentrations are toxic to aquatic animals. This study evaluated the capability of Bacillus polymyxa spores introduced from India in reducing nitrite levels in controlled environments and shrimp pond water. A dose of 1g spores (5.3 × 10⁹ CFU/g) was added to freshwater, brackish water (17ppt), and shrimp pond water (17ppt) containing nitrite concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/l. After 24 hours of aeration in freshwater, nitrite was completely reduced only at initial concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/l, while higher concentrations showed no significant reduction. In contrast, nitrite levels in brackish water and shrimp pond water decreased to near zero within 16 hours. The highest nitrite reduction rate of 0.6 mg/l/h was observed at an initial concentration of 10 mg/l in both brackish water and shrimp pond water. These findings indicate that B. polymyxa spores are more effective in nitrite removal in brackish water than in freshwater. Further research is needed to assess their practical application in brackish water aquaculture systems.

The study focused on analyzing solutions to improve the "one-stop" mechanism in the field of justice and civil status in Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh province. Based on a survey of 105 citizens and 30 administrative officials, the study reveals that the "one-stop" mechanism has contributed to simplifying administrative procedures, reducing processing time, enhancing transparency, and improving service quality. The rate of on-time case resolution exceeds 99%, while the level of positive citizen feedback is also notably high. However, the study also highlights several limitations, such as underdeveloped IT infrastructure, low utilization rates of online public services at levels 3 and 4, limited technological skills among staff, and ineffective communication and outreach efforts. Accordingly, the authors propose several solutions to enhance the one-stop mechanism in the justice and civil status sector, including: upgrading technical infrastructure, accelerating the digitization of civil status data, training specialized personnel, strengthening public communication strategies, and establishing a regular inspection and monitoring mechanism. These solutions aim to build a modern, efficient, and citizen-centered public administration system.

Although tomatoes are a highly nutritious crop and a key agricultural production area in the Red River Delta, their development has not been prioritized in Thai Binh province. Thus, this study aimed to provide an overview on tomato production and its economic efficiency in Thai Binh province. Based on a sample of 200 farmers surveyed, descriptive, comparative statistics and cost - benefit analyses were applied. The results indicate that the province's tomato cultivation area was characterized by fragmented and small-scale production, with an average area of 1.1 sao (approximately 400m2) per farm. On average, tomato production generated an income of approximately VND12 million per sao for farming households. The key challenges faced by farmers included pest and disease management, price fluctuations, unstable market demand, and high labor costs due to shortage of agricultural workers. Supporting policies that provide technical training in tomato cultivation and care, as well as the application of effective pest control measures, are crucial for enhancing productivity. Additionally, strengthening market information provision and diversifying output markets with priorities to premium markets (e.g., supermarkets, restaurants, and safe food stores) should be encouraged for further development.

Circular economy is a model of production and consumption that aims to minimize waste and keep resources in use for as long as possible through practices like sharing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling. This study aimed to assess the situation of circular economy in household waste management and proposed appropriate solutions to enhance the application of circular economy in Dong Anh district, Hanoi city. Based on both secondary and primary data gathered from 315 households and managers, and using various analytical methods including descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, the results showed that Dong Anh district had more than 95 thousand tons of waste per year, of which household discharge accounted for over 82% in 2024. The average household waste output has decreased by nearly 60% in Dong Anh district. Of which, there was over 60% of organic waste treated in households, and recycled waste reaches over 34%. To enhance the application of circular economy in household waste management, some specific solutions to specifying legal instruments in developing circular economy associated with environmental protection; enhancing the application and transfer of science and technology; and promoting the benefits of the circular economy through the 10R strategy.

Reverse logistics plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development goals. The objective of this study is to propose solutions that encourage enterprises to implement reverse logistics activities, based on an analysis of the current practices among businesses in Hai Phong City. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), combined with expert opinions, is employed to prioritise the proposed solutions. The research findings indicate that the proportion of enterprises engaging in reverse logistics in Hai Phong remains relatively low, despite the potential benefits such activities offer to businesses. Among the solutions directed at governmental authorities, the most highly prioritised is “Strengthening guidance and support from regulatory bodies to enterprises”. For businesses, the most critical solution is to “Enhance understanding and awareness of the future trend towards a circular economy in Vietnam, as outlined by government orientations; recognise the policies, laws, and regulations that are or will be enforced regarding extended producer responsibility for the take-back and treatment of discarded products and packaging; and pay attention to the enterprise’s long-term development”.

The supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in cattle diets has garnered significant research due to its potential to enhance metabolism, affecting health, productivity and methane emissions from the rumen. This review delves into the classification, functions, and dietary sources of UFAs, and synthesizes scientific evidence on the effects of UFA supplementation on cattle health, reproduction, beef quality, milk yield and quality, and methane emissions. Furthermore, the article analyzes the challenges associated with UFA supplementation and proposes solutions to maximize the benefits of UFA inclusion in cattle diets.

This review article provides a comprehensive overview of contract livestock farming both globally and in Vietnam, contributing to a more complete understanding of the trends and directions for efficient and sustainable livestock development. The article focuses on several key aspects: the concept of contract livestock farming; the benefits it offers; major types of contractual arrangements; and the current development of contract livestock farming in both the global context and in Vietnam. The findings show that contract livestock farming is gaining increased attention worldwide as a response to the need for livestock sector modernization and market demands. It brings tangible benefits to all parties involved, enhances productivity and product quality, mitigates production risks and costs, and reduces negative environmental impacts.

The development of a green financial system to support sustainable agriculture is an essential requirement within the context of Vietnam's green growth strategy. Based on a comprehensive review of research findings from both domestic and international sources, this paper clarifies the concepts, nature, instruments, and relevant actors involved in the green financial system. Furthermore, this paper offers several suggestions for enhancing the green finance policy to support the sustainable development of agriculture in Vietnam in the near future. The recommendations include: i) clearly defining the objectives of the green finance policy, which is to allocate resources efficiently towards the development of public goods and services, as well as infrastructure that facilitates sustainable agricultural practices; ii) establishing a transparent mechanism to incentivize and motivate stakeholders to engage actively in the green financial system; iii) prioritizing specific agricultural sectors, accompanied by appropriate financial provisioning mechanisms (such as preferential loans, capacity-building initiatives, or risk transfer) to promote a green transition that aligns with the achievement of sustainable development goals.

Energy is an indispensable factor for the economic growth of each country and the daily life of people. The transition from traditional energy to clean energy contributes to shortening the time and effort for a country to achieve sustainable development goals. Therefore, promoting energy transition on both macro and micro levels is of interest to many countries, including Vietnam. This article uses review and analysis methodologies of secondary information from 54 scientific articles and reports with the aim of synthesizing factors affecting the energy consumption transition of households in countries around the world and Vietnam. The discovered factors belong to two main groups, the group inside the household and the group of economic and institutional environment outside the household. From these findings, the article proposes a number of policy implications to promote households to transform energy consumption in a sustainable direction.