Vol. 12 No. 3 (2014)

The agronomical characteristics and heat tolerance of twenty nine common bean accessions from USA were evaluated in two seasons: late spring and winter seasons in 2012 in Gialam, Hanoi. Most of the accessions showed short growth (55 to 80 days) suitable to cropping pattern of the Red RiverDdelta. There was a large variation in agronomical characteristics, such as plant height, number of leaves and branches, stem and flower color, fruit shape and grain size. The twining bean accessions had plant height from 180.5 to 306.0 cm while bush type accessions were three to five times shorter. Four accessions viz.CV44, CV54, CV59 and CV79 were heat torelant. Genetic similarity based on morphological characteristics and agronomic performance classified accessions into four separate groups with similarity coefficient of 0.18. Some accessions such as CV56 (107.52g), CV65 (145.91g), CV67 (116.28g), CV73 (191.35g), CV83 (117.28g), CV85 (117.77g) in green bean group and CV76 (52.0g) and CV77 (54.89g) in dry bean group had high yield in the winter season only. These accessions are potentialy useful for breeding programme with high yield.

In Vietnam, cassava witches’ broom is an important disease in cassava production. Phytoplasma, 16SrI group-‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ is the causal agent associated with cassava witches’ broom disease. In this study, leafhopper species were collected by using light traps. Total DNA was extracted from the insect species and the symptomatic plants. Nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the presence of phytoplasma. Amplification of a fragment 1100 base pair 16S rDNA gene confirmed that insect bodies were infected by the phytoplasma. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using EcoRI and HaeIII endonucleases revealed the insignificant difference between the test samples. Cassava witches’ broom disease is transmitted by cutting through vegetative propagation using diseased plants under screenhouse or field conditions. Whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus), mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) and red mite (Tetranychus urticae) do not transmit phytoplasma although they fed on cassava plant in the field.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of drought on several physiological and morphological traits of barley at seedling stage. Factorial experiment including 9 barley genotypes with constrasting salinity tolerance capacity at seedling stage, and 3 water regimes was laid out in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Drought was imitated by maintaining the soil moisture contents during 2 weeks since 14 days after sowing. The data were collected for plant height, the number of leaves, the number of tillers, leaf area and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that drought at seedling stage significantly reduced plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation of barley genotypes. BCC884 and BCC438 were best genotypes for drought adaptation. Using the characterized salt tolerance varieties, the results in the current study was used to discuss the relationship between drought and salinity tolerance ability at seedling stage. This could be useful information to research on physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic stress found in drought and salinity stress. 

The study aimed at defining suitable techniques for root and leaf cutting to improve tuberous root yield of mondo grass under intercropping system. The experiment used four different techniques for root and foliate cutting: Digging up and root cuts twice in December 2011 and December 2012; leaf cuts twice in December 2011 and December 2012; leaf cuts four times in Dec. 2011, June 2012, Dec. 20102 and June 2013; and non-cut as control. Results showed that he root cutting of mondo grass in winter gave highest tuberous root yield, while leaf cutting of mondo grass in winter showed no effect on tuberous root yield. In contrast, leaf cutting of mondo grass twice in winter and summer exerted negative effect on tuberous root yield.

Thí nghiệm nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của độ ẩm đất đến các đặc điểm sinh trưởng và hiệu quả sử dụng nước ở giai đoạn cây con của 6 giống lúa (Oryza sativar L.) (Beodien, KD18, Koshihikari, Sensho, Rayada). 5 ngày sau gieo hạt, tỉa để lại 1 cây ở mỗi chậu và bắt đầu xử lý độ ẩm đất với 3 mức: đối chứng là cho ngập nước; duy trì độ ẩm đất 24% (24%SMC)-độ ẩm tối ưu; độ ẩm đất 12% (12% SMC)-hạn. Kết quả của thí nghiệm chỉ ra rằng, khối lượng chất khô của thân lá (SDW), khối lượng chất khô của rễ (RDW), tổng khối lượng chất khô của toàn cây (TDW), diện tích lá (LA), lượng nước sử dụng (WU) và hiệu quả sử dụng nước (WUE) của 4 giống Rayada, Sensho, KD18, IR24 không có sự sai khác có ý nghĩa 95% giữa công thức đối chứng và công thức độ ẩm đất 24%. Hai giống Koshihikari và Beodien ở công thức độ ẩm đất 24% cho giá trị thấp hơn so với công thức đối chứng đối với các chỉ tiêu trên. Ở công thức độ ẩm đất 24% và 12%, tổng chiều dài rễ (RL), diện tích bề mặt rễ (RSA) có khuynh hướng tăng ở hầu hết các giống trừ giống Koshihikari. RL, RSA, thể tích rễ (RV) của giống Koshihikari trong điều kiện hảo khí thấp hơn công thức đối chứng. Giống Rayada đạt giá trị về RL, RSA, RV, SDW, TDW, LA và WU cao nhất so với các giống còn lại, kế đến là giống Sensho. Ngoài ra, giống Rayada còn đạt giá trị cao nhất về hiệu quả sử dụng nước (WUE) trong điều kiện hạn, kế đến là giống Sensho. Hai giống KD18, IR24 có giá trị về LA, SDW, RDW, TDW và WU thấp hơn so với các giống còn lại ở tất cả các công thức. Tuy nhiên, trong điều kiện hạn thì hai giống này không bị ảnh hưởng nhiều như các giống còn lại. Từ kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy rằng hai giống Rayada, Sensho phù hợp với hệ thống canh tác hảo khí, giống Koshihikari không phù hợp. Giống lúa nước indica KD18 và IR24 thích hợp với điều kiện hạn hơn giống lúa nước japonica Koshihikari.

Assessing genetic diversity and heterotic grouping of 24 waxy maize inbred lines in S8 to S10 generations were performed using morphological characters and molecular markers (SSR). The field experiment was designed to identify the agronomical characteristics, namely growth duration, plant height, anthesis-silking interval, yield and yield components. Results showed that the maize inbred lines possessed agronomic characters suitable to develop single crosses. Based on genetic diversity analysis of morphometric traits, 24 inbred lines were grouped into six heterotic groups at similarity value of 0.25. Genetic diversity analysis of inbred lines by 19 SSR markers detected 19 loci with a total of 75 alleles and average of 4 alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) varied from 0.36 to 0.81. At genetic similarity value of 0.83, 24 inbred lines were divided into five groups. Of 24 lines tested, 5 lines, viz. I5, I9, I8, I23, I15 were identified to be drought tolerant. These lines belonged to the different heterotic groups and therefore they can be used for hybrid waxy maize breeding for drought prone environment such as rainfed farming condition for northern moutainous provinces.

A cross-sectional study together with a case-control study was carried to estimate the prevalence of foot-and-mouth (FMD) virus infection in animals in three provinces (Lang Son, Nghe An and Kon Tum) from October to December 2012. Serum and probang samples were taken from 884 cattles and buffaloes of 590 households. Information about risk factors were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data analyses showed that FMD antibody was detected in all three provinces with a high level of 24.21% (95% CI 21.42-27.17) at the individual level and 29.83% (95% CI 26.16-33.70) at the household level; FMD virus belongs to serotype O and A. Cattles procured from unknown sources were a major risk factor, with the odds ratio (OR) of 5.27 (95% CI 2.22-12.52) times the OR for cattles kept by households. Control measures should be strictly taken at the household level. In addition, management of animal movement should be improved to stop spreading FMD virus.

This study aimed to identify the species composition and change in natural fishery resources based on materials collected from two fieldtrips (dry and wet season) carried out in 2011. Additional available data came from several projects implemented during 2003-2011period int the mangrove area of Phu Long commune, Cat Hai district, Hai Phong city. The fishery statistical data have been provided by the Hai Phong Department of Agriculture and Rural development. Based on the specimens collected in the 2011 fieldtrips, 63 species belonged to 42 genera in 25 fish families have been identified. Two current typical fishing practices, trawl fishing and bottom fencing net, yieled in different fish group harvested. Especially, the juvenile/fingerling fishes (body length < 10cm) occupied up to 90% of each harvest/catch. In contrast, only a small quantity of high economic species of adult size (21-30cm and > 30cm) was found in the catch. Rapid decline of natural fishery resources was shown in the trawl fishing ( 85-92%) in the 1990-2011 period and up to 50% of the fishing yield in the botton fencing net. These are clear evidences that coastal resources are under serious threat. It is necessary to increase the legal effectiveness for marine resource protection and socialized conservation towards sustainable management of natural resources.

The biological characteristics and classification of purple photosynthetic bacteria formulation consisting of three strains with high sulfide removal activity were studied. Of the three strains, two strains belong to species Rhodobacter sphaeroides denoted as QN71 and QN52 and the other to Rhodovulum sulfidophillum denoted as TH21. The use of purple photosynthetic bacteria formulation forclearly improved water quality of intensive tilapia farming pond environment. BOD3 concentration significantly reduced from 9.6-9.8 mg/l to 3.2-3.4 mg/l after 2.5 months, while BOD3 concentration gradually increased in the control. H2S concentration in water decreased from 0.03-0.04 mg/l down to 0 nilll and the concentration in sludge decreased from 5.4-6.67 mg/g to 3.5-4.5 mg/g. In two control ponds H2S concentration in water increased from 0.03 mg/l to 0.06 mg/l and in the sludge increased from 5.2 mg/g to 5.8 mg/g (DC1) and 6.4 mg/g (DC2). Using bioproducts of purple photosynthetic bacteria contribute to good effect to speed growth and development of intensive culture of tilapia.

The requirement of essential amino acids (EAA) in hybrid catfish fingerling (Clarias macrocephalus x C. gariepinus) was estimated from the optimal dietary lysine requirement and the ideal EAA profile in catfish whole-body amino acid. Groups of 30 fish (4.0 ± 0.7 g) were stocked in triplicate in 130 L glass tanks and were fed semi-purified iso-nitrogenous diets (300 g crude protein (CP) kg-1 and 18.3 MJ gross energy (GE) kg-1) with increasing levels of lysine (40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 g kg-1 CP). The results showed that the live weight gain (WG) and specific grow rate (SGR) increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary lysine level. Subjecting the data of WG to the second-order polynomial analysis, the requirement of dietary lysine was estimated and was found to be 58.2 g kg-1 of CP. Therefore, the dietary requirements of EAA were estimated using whole-body amino acid profile.

This study was implemented to clarify some histopathological characteristics of tilapia naturally infected with Streptococcus sp. cultured in freshwater ponds in Northern Vietnamese provinces during summer of 2013. Infected tilapias (n=46) showing symptoms of dermal haemorrhage and exophthalmia were collected at 9 fish farms in Hai Duong, Ha Noi and Ha Nam provinces and examined for both gross lesion and histopathological signs. Internally, the most consistent gross findings were haemorrhage and swelling of liver, spleen, kidney, heart and intestine as well as pale coloured liver and splenomegaly. Fish occasionally exhibited the accumulation of fluid within the abdominal cavity, epicarditis, and peritonitis. Histopathological examination revealed systemic bacterial dissemination and infiltration of bacteria-laden macrophages. The cornea was damaged and invaded by bacteria. Haemorrhage, granuloma formation and necrosis were detected in the infected areas of the liver, spleen, kidney and gills. Microscopical examination confirmed the presence of severe congestion in these ograns, especially spleen and kidney. Brain lesions were present occasionally. The results indicated that infected fish exhibited obvious and systemic histopathology.Adverse environmental factors during the hot season played a certain role in the formation of lesions and outbreak of this disease.

eAn experiment was conducted to evaluate several factors affecting the hatchability of Luong Phuong’ eggs on the multi-period incubator in a completely randomized design. The results showed that prolonged egg storage time reduced the rate of embryonated eggs and hatchability but increased embryonated egg mortality. The relationship between egg storage time and embryonated egg rate was strong inversely correlated (r = -0,919; P<0,05). Spawning time during a day affected hatchability. The percentage of embryonated eggs and hatching rate reached the lowest in the egg plots laid before 7am. The highest rate was recored in the egg plots laid from 11am to 13 pm (P<0,05). There was no significant difference in the remaining spawning times. The age of hens also affected hatching parameters (P<0,05). The highest quantity and proportion of embryonated eggs were obtained in laying hen aged between 32-34 weeks. The percentage of hatched/embryonated eggs was lower at 27 weeks of age compared to that of 33-36 weeks of age (P<0,05). The highest hatchability was recorded in eggs weighing from 52-56g. Eggs having shape index in the range from 1.31 to 1.35 had higher hatchability than others (P<0.05). Egg disinfection by formaldehyde showed better hatchability compared to that disinfected by nebutol (P<0,05).

Diep ha chau (Phyllanthus amarus), a valuable medicinal plant, has been grown at the industrial scale recently. This study was carried out to evaluate effect of extracting conditions on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Diep ha chau cultivated in Phu Yen province. Factors influencing on extraction were investigated, including: Type of solvent (acetone 50%, ethanol 50%, methanol 50%, and water), time of extraction (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min), temperature of extraction (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70oC), and ratio between material and extracting solvent (1/10, 1/20, 1/30, 1/40, and 1/50, g/ml). Polyphenol content was determined by spectrophotometric method, antioxidant activity was measured based on DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Additinally, total reducing power capacity, oxidation of -carotene-linoleic acid model system, and oil-in-water emulsion model were also conducted to evaluate antioxidant activity of extract leaf from Diep ha chau. Research results showed that the suitable extraction condition as followed: Ethanol 50%, 20 min, 60oC, and a ratio of material/solvent 1/30 (g/ml). Phyllanthus amarus extract exhibited antioxidant activity on in vitro as DPPH, total reducing power, -carotene-linoleic acid model system, and oil-in-water emulsion model. These results of the study provided valuable scientific data toward Diep ha chau medicinal plant.

Perilla frutescensis widely cultivated as a source of spices and medicine. The present study was carried out identify the most suitable oil extraction method and to optimize the extraction technique. Three extraction methods were used: static extraction at room temperature for 24 hours, dynamic extraction at 50oC with stirring speed of 400 rounds/min for 1 hours, and Soxhlet extraction at 80oC for 7 hours. Among three extraction methods, dynamic extraction was found as the most suitable method to extract essential oil from perilla leaves. For this method, fresh perilla leaves were withered in natural conditions to 20% moisture and were crushed to particle size of 2-3mm in diameter. The ground materials were then extracted 3 times by 96% ethanol ata ratio of 1 g ground leaves to 18mL solvent. Extraction was carried out at 50oC for12 hours. After extraction, the extract was evaporated by rotary vacuum equipment to obtain essential oil. The essential oil obtained has perilla flavor characteristics with major components comprising of 37.38% perilla aldehyde, 26.39% myristicine and 5.95% limonene, which can be used as fragrance in food and pharmaceutical products

This study was conducted to establish a preliminary protocol for in vitrorapid propagation of six Hybrids of H.esquestre. Results showed that the optimal medium for shoot initiation from bulb scales of six hybrids (H1, H3, H5, H37, H85, H12) wasMS + 2-3mg/lBA +1.0 mg/l kinetin + 0,25mg/l αNAA.Shoot propagation was 2.79-3.75 shoots/explant. Small shoot and bulds were divided in to four parts and cultured in to MS + 3-5mg/l BA +1.0 mg/l kinetin + 0,25mg/l αNAA.Shoot propagation was 4.23-5.65 shoots/explant.Rootingmedium consisting of MS+ 1.5-2.0mg/l NAAinduced shoots with 100%root formation. Well-rooted plantlets were successfully transplanted to sand and rice husk substrate (3:1). The rate of plants survival was 100% and plants grew and developed well.

Despite the remarkable contribution to the training progress of skilled labour for economic sectors, the professional colleges face with challenges of educational qualities and competitiveness under the globalization and economic integration. In this study, the analysis regarding the capacity of those colleges were categorized in 3 aspects as such, organization and management, education quality, and infrastructure and teaching facilities according to the requirements of the Ministry of Education and Training. The results indicated that the State-owned colleges had higher capacity in comparison with those under management of private enterprises. Regarding colleges’ capacity evaluation, the number of colleges that satisfied the requirement referred to organization and management capacity showed the highest of percentage (86.4%), while the figures for education and training qualities and the infrastructure and teaching facilities were 80,8 percent and 79,6 percent, respectively. 93.2 percent of the colleges in the province met the requirements for the first criterion on training goals and missions, while only 61.7 percent satisfied the criterion on library quality. Among 50 evaluation criteria, some criteria reached rather low value: 20% for the teaching materials, 40% for teaching material quality, 40.3 percent for financial budgeting, 45% for education transfer program and 55% for international cooperation and accommodation. These findings can serve as practical basis to find suitable solutions for improving capacity of professional colleges in professional education.

Kế toán tài sản cố định (TSCĐ) là một phần hành không thể thiếu trong tổ chức kế toán của các đơn vị kế toán. Kế toán TSCĐ cung cấp thông tin về tình hình biến động TSCĐ, hao mòn và khấu hao TSCĐ, tình hình sửa chữa TSCĐ phục vụ cho nhà quản lý ra các quyết định đầu tư, điều chuyển, thanh lý, nhượng bán, sửa chữa TSCĐ nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng TSCĐ. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay vì những lý do khách quan và chủ quan, kế toán TSCĐ trong các đơn vị kế toán còn có những sai sót nhất định. Những sai sót trong kế toán TSCĐ tại các đơn vị kế toán ảnh hưởng đến việc cung cấp thông tin cho quản lý nội bộ đơn vị và việc kiểm tra, thanh tra, kiểm toán của các cơ quan chức năng. Bài viết này trình bày, phân tích về những sai sót thường gặp trong kế toán TSCĐ tại các đơn vị kế toán và giải pháp khắc phục sai sót.

As one of the two most popular valuation models in the world, relative valuation is closely related to empirical evidence of stock return predictability. Applying this model to 307 listed companies in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) using two multiples, P/B and P/E, the study showed that investment strategies using industry’s P/E is the most successful, while those based on P/B are not, despite various modifications of peer company choices. However, in evaluating the predictive power of these multiples, P/E appeared to be statistically insignificant and P/B had an unexpectedly positive correlation coefficient with stock price fluctuations. This result suggested critical implications in establishing stock returns predictors in the research context of Vietnam stock market.

The impactsof investment projects on livelihoodsandemployment of local people suffering agricultural land acquisition and the challenges of the land acquisition in the socio-economic development are of hottest debate, both in Vietnam in general and in Chuong My District in particular. The research results showedthat from 2000-2010, 2,249 households were acquired ofagricultural land with total area of 968.97 ha in the district. The land acquisitionhas contributed significantly to the change of economic structure: agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector decreasedto 22.00%, while industry and construction increased to 42.00% and trade and services increasedto36% by2010. However, the loss of agricultural land triggered some unexpected problems for some farmers, such as unemploymentandsocial impact. Specifically, the change of jobs in some households sufferingagricultural landacquisitionfor industrial clusters and parks was averagely only 16.5%. The results also indicatedthat the income of some local households was notchanged, but someotherhouseholdswith less agricultural land acquisitiongot lower incomecomparison with previous period.

The economic efficiency of macadamia and coffee intercropping at different planting time in Krong Nang district, Dak Lak province was evaluated. The research results showed that the economic efficiency of the macadamia and coffee intercropping was significantly higher than coffee monoculture. Intercropped with 185 macadamia trees per hectare of coffee did not clearly affect coffee yields (4.10 to 4.35 tons coffee bean ha-1). In addition, additional 2.81 tons macadamia nuts ha-1 year-1 were harvested, resulting in increased total income of macadamia and coffee intercropping to 193.56% compared to the coffee monoculture. In the macadamia and coffee intercropping field at the 9th year of planting, gross production reached VND 396.17 million and the net profit reached VND 294.47 million ha-1 year-1, while the net profit of the coffee monoculture was from 92.87 to 100.37 million VND ha-1 year-1. The capital efficiency of the macadamia and coffee intercropping field at the 4th and 9th year of planting was 2.34 and 3.9 times, respectively, while the capital efficiency of pepper and coffee intercropping was 2.73 times.