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Evaluating Soil Quality and Orientation for the Use of Alluvıal Soils alongthe Red River in Phu Tho Province

Hoang Thi Huong, Cao Viet Ha

Date Received: 10-04-2017 / Date Accepted: 16-08-2017
With natural advantages, the alluvıal soils along the Red river play an important role in the development of agriculture to ensure food security and livelihood of local people. Phu Tho province has a large area of alluvıal soils along the Red River (1,515.82 ha), which are mainly used for agricultural purpose with 5 land use types: vegetables, cash crop, sugarcane, fruittrees, and grass. However, the agricultural development on alluvıal soils along the Red River of Phu Tho province has not fully utilized thepotential of alluvial soil. The study was conducted to evaluate the quality of alluvıal soils along the RedRiver as a basis for effective agricultural land use in Phu Tho province. The alluvıal soils along the Red River in Phu Tho are ofsandy loam texture, light acidity with relatively high fertility: OM%: 2.04 to 4.91; N%: 0.11-0.29%, P2O5%: 0.08-0.15, available P2O5: 12.61-17.17 mg / 100g of soil.Total potassium, available potassium, and exchangeable magnesium weremoderate, but the content of exchangeable calcium was high. Soil had low water holding capacity due to its lighttextureleading towater deficit during dry season. Thesoil CEC was not high andthe ability to keep nutrition was limited. In order to improve the quality of the alluvıal soils along the Red River, it is necessary to apply more organicamendments, to limit the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural purposesandto increase the area of vegetable cultivation, cash crops, and grassland from ineffective sugarcane areas.
Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Garment Enterprises in the Red River Delta region, Vietnam

Nguyen Van Phuong, Ly Thu Cuc, Tran Huu Cuong

Date Received: 30-12-2020 / Date Accepted: 01-06-2021
The objective of this study was to identify the factors that affected the competitiveness of garment firms in the Red River Delta region. To achieve this, the study applied the Porter’s five forces as the framework for analysis. By using the previous studies and group-discussion results, the authors have built the metrics to serve the factor analysis. The data were collected through the survey of garment business managers in the Red River Delta provinces with a total of 201 samples. The analysis results showed that 4/5 factors affected the competitiveness of garment enterprises in the Red River Delta region. These are Suppliers, Customers, Potential of new entrants into the industry and Competition in the industry. In which the factor “Customers” is the most important factor for the competitiveness of garment enterprises in the Red River Delta.
An Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions from Open Rice Straw Burning in the Red River Delta

Nguyen Mau Dung

Date Received: 06-11-2011 / Date Accepted: 14-02-2012 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
This study aims to estimate the air pollutant emissions into the asmostphere caused by open rice straw burning after rice crop harvest in the Red River delta. The results revealed that the emission of CO2 is the largest, between 1.2 – 4,7 million tons per annum when the burning rate varies from 20-80%. The emission of CH4 is between 1.0 – 3.9 thousand tons per year while CO pollutant emission is between 28.3 – 113.2 thousand tons per year. The GHG emission from open rice straw burning in the Red River delta could cause the environmental damage from 19.05 to 200.3 million USD per year depending upon on open rice straw burning rate (20-80%) and on the market price of CO2 emission right in the world. Enhanced use of rice straw for mushroom production, biofertilizer,and power generation... could be the relevant ways that should be studied for mitigating the open rice straw burning in the Red River delta in the coming time.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2012.10.1.
Analysing Economic Efficiency of Mushroom Commodity in the Red River Delta

Nguyễn Duy Trình, Nguyễn Hữu Ngoan

Date Received: 27-07-2013 / Date Accepted: 28-08-2013 / Date Published: 28-08-2013
In recent years, development of mushroom commodity has not only significantly contributed to income imrpovement for producers, traders and processors, but also met increasingly market demand in Vietnam. The Red River Delta is considered as a region where natural, economic and social conditions are totally favorable for mushroom development as potential commodity. However, mushroom production, processing and marketing in the region do not match such high potential. Data collected from 574 producers, 110 collectors and pre-processors, 150 wholesalers and retailers, and 6 processors were analyzed using statistical description and comparison method. Results clearly pointed out the current production state and economic efficiency of mushroom commodity development. Moreover, the study also indicated advantages as well as constraints of mushroom commodity development in the Red River Delta. In addition, some policy implications and recommendations for mushroom commodity development are suggested
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2013.11.4.
Solutionsto Improve Capacity of Professional Colleges in the Red River Delta Region

Ngo Thi Thuan, Dong Thi Van Hong

Date Received: 18-06-2014 / Date Accepted: 01-09-2014 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
Basedonthe assessment s of current capacity situation of professional colleges in the Red River Delta Region as well as the Vietnamese social economical context during the period of international economicof integration,on the strategic demandof Vietnamese professional education andon demand forecast of human resources of economy in2011 -2020period, the presentstudyproposed, orientationsand solutionsto improve on thecapacity of professional colleges in the Red River Delta Region.The orientations includeindustrialization and modernization under international economic integration; close collaboration and transfer; learning by doing; andenhancingthe quality of education/training.The solutions aregood planning ofprofessional education network; allocating necessary resources; improving the quality of education; promoting collaboration ofprofessional education unit with industry/enterprises and international cooperation; establishingthe educational quality management; increasing the role of Government in educational administration; and completing the policies on professional educational sector. Specific recommendationstoward public educational sector focus on the investment for the national colleges while private professional colleges should be classified/ranked annualy based on their capacity.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2014.12.6.
Methane Emission Situation of Rice Paddy in Red River Delta

Nguyen Hữu Thành, Đức Hùng, Tran Thi Le Ha, Nguyen Tho Hoang

Date Received: 06-12-2011 / Date Accepted: 22-02-2012 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
Paddy rice cultivation is a cause of methane emission, which belongs to green house gases. This study was carried out to investigate methane emission situation of rice paddy (at fully initiation stage) at some provinces of the Red river delta (Hai Phong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Hai Duong, and Hanoi). 10 samples were taken in each province at the summer rice season 2010. Results showed that the average methane flux of 5 provinces was the lowest in Thai Binh (39.5 mg mgCH4/m2/h) and was the highest in Nam Dinh (61.3 mgCH4/m2/h). The methane flux in Hai Phong varied from 31.4 to 69.9 mgCH4/m2/h, Thai Binh varied from 32.1 to 60.3 mg mgCH4/m2/h, Nam Dinh varied from 40.7 to 94.2 mgCH4/m2/h, Hai Duong varied from 30.9 to 84.3 mg mgCH4/m2/h Hanoi varied from 33.1 to 57.9 mg mgCH4/m2/h. In the summer rice season 2010, methane flux reached the highest value at 5 weeks after transplanting, which was 72.3 and 66.0 mg mgCH4/m2/h in experiment sites of Hai Duong and Hanoi, respectively. Then it gradually reduced to the end of growing season. In the spring rice season 2011, methane flux gained its peak at 9 weeks after transplanting, which was 53.6 and 44.7 mg mgCH4/m2/h at 2 sites, respectively, and it was lower than methane flux of the summer season 2010. The research results of correlation between methane flux with soil properties showed that methane flux was tightly correlated inversely with pHKCl in Hai Phong soils (r = -0.82), with available Mn and Eh in Thai Binh, Hai Duong, and Nam Dinh soils (r from -0.55 to -0.85), and correlated positively with organic matter content in Hanoi soils (r=0.6).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2012.10.1.
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION METHODS ON THE GROWTH,YIELDAND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF TOMATOES IN RED RIVER DELTAALLUVIAL SOIL

Ngo Thi Dung, Nguyen Van Dzung, Hoang Thai Dai

Date Received: 28-10-2016 / Date Accepted: 20-11-2016 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
Thisexperiment was conducted duringthewinterof2014 on the alluvial soils of the Red River delta to evaluate the effect of irrigation method onthegrowth, yield and water use efficiency of tomato. Soils used for experiments are alluvial, neutral, less acidic, not silted annually. Experimental results have shown that drip irrigation positively affected growing period, plant height, fruiting rate, yield and water use efficiency. Drip irrigation prolonged tomato growing periodfrom 6-11 days compared to furrowirrigation; plant height in the treatments with drip irrigation was also higher compared withfurrowirrigation. The fruiting rate in the treatments with drip irrigation was higher than in furrowirrigation, the highest fruiting rate was obtained in drip treatment T4 with (70-100)% βdr (βdr is field capacity) of 71.3%. Drip irrigation has increased individual yieldof tomato plants from 8.9 - 36.3%, while reduced the amount of irrigation water from 22 - 39.1% and water use efficiency increased from 30 - 57% compared to furrowirrigation. The drip irrigation treatmentwith (70-100)% βdr (T4) achieved highest individual yieldand water use efficiency(2788.2 gplant-1; 16 kgm-3).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2016.14.10.
Research on Financing Activites Among Actorsin the Fresh Milk Value Chain in the Red River Delta of Vietnam

Le Thi Thanh Hao, Bui Thi Nga, Vu Ngoc Huyen

Date Received: 15-04-2023 / Date Accepted: 24-05-2023
The study was conductedto analyze the situationand propose recommendations to improvethefinancing activities among actors in the fresh milk value chain in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. The study used secondary and primarydata collected from 223 samples including the fresh value chain’s actors and government staffs. The results showed that the internal financing flow of the fresh milk value chain shifted from upstream to downstream. Input supplier credit and trade credit were mainly used among actors in the chain, supporting the working capital needs of actors, but not much for fixed-assets. There was an imbalance between input credit and trade credit of dairy farms. In order to improve internal financing activities, it is necessary to reduce the imbalance in the financing of dairy farmers, diversify the forms of financing, apply input supplier credit with other inputs, and promote the formation of production groups and/or dairy services cooperatives.
Evaluating Adaptability Potential of Cucumber Hybrids in the Red River Delta Areas

Tran To Tam, Tran Thi Minh Hang, Pham My Linh

Date Received: 25-02-2020 / Date Accepted: 17-04-2020
The study aimed at evaluatingthe growth, development, yield and quality of 3 potential cucumber hybrids THL2, THL6 and THL9 in the Red River Delta (Hanoi, Ha Nam and Hung Yen provinces) in fall-winter season 2017. The experiment fields were arranged in randomized complete block design with 3 replications and the control cultivar was GL1-2. The results showed that the growing duration time of these hybrids was approximately the same as the control cultivar in a total average of growing time (85-88 days after planting), vigorous growth, early appearing of female flowers (30-32 days after planting), early harvest (35-38 days after planting) and long harvest period, respectively. Although there was no significant difference among three hybrids and the control, THL9 had the significantly highest individual yield due to attaining more fruit per plant and higher fruit weight. Furthermore, THL9 was not damaged by powdery mildew and downy mildew diseases, infected very lightly by viruses so that these hybrids have been given the highest harvested yield, reached by 48 tons/ha in all three different experiment sites.The study initially indicated that THL9 showed adaptability to the ecological conditions in the Red River Delta.
Investigation of Implementing State’s Regulations on Pesticide Trade Management in Vegeteble Production: A Case Study in Red River Delta

Nguyen Phuong Le, Tran Thi Nhu Ngoc

Date Received: 27-11-2012 / Date Accepted: 18-01-2013 / Date Published: 02-07-2025
This paper concentrated on the implementation of state regulations on pesticide trade management in the Red river delta. Based on secondary and primary data collected by different techniques and statistical description, the research showed that pesticide trade inspection has been frequently carried out. However, some shortcomings were happened in pesticide trade management such as low inspecting frequencies, inadequate punishment for someones breaking the regulations, few pesticide trade inspectors, and so on. Empirical data witnessed that a number of pesticide traders have not implemented regulations on work permit, permissible petsticide list, shop location, safe equipments, and pesticide arrangement. In order to deal with these limitations, Government needs to issue policies on knowledge upgrading for both traders and inspectors and on level of pushnisment for regulation breakers.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2013.11.1.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pyricularia oryzaein theRed River Delta of Viet NamUsing Rep-PCR

Ha Viet Cuong, Nguyen Van Vien, Tran Ngoc Tiep, Ha Giang, Tran Thi Nhu Hoa, Nguyen Duc Huy

Date Received: 27-05-2015 / Date Accepted: 09-10-2015 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
Rep-PCR technique (Repetitive sequence primed PCR) with 3 sets of primers designed on the repetitive sequences of bacterial genome including the extragenic repetitive palindromic (REP), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and BOX element was used to assessthe genetic diversity of 22 Pyricularia oryzaeisolates isolated from blastinfectedrice plants collected in 2012spring season in the Red River Delta of North VietNam. PCR using REP primers (REP-PCR) produced polymorphic bands from blast fungus isolates. Rep-PCR analysis showed thatblast fungus populations in this region aregenetically diverseas previously reported. No clear correlationexistedbetween fugus groups based on Rep-PCR analysisand other characteristics such as the color of the fungal culture, location of collection,and isolates.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2015.13.7.
Effect of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Quinoa Accessions

Dinh Thai Hoang, Nguyen Tat Canh, Nguyen Viet Long

Date Received: 29-10-2014 / Date Accepted: 09-03-2015
This study evaluated growth and yield of two quinoa genotypes in winter-spring and spring-summer growing seasons under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer applied to determine growing season and dressing dose for quinoa production in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. The field experiment was a split-plot design with three replications. The main factor consisted of four nitrogen levels: N1- 0kg N; N2- 30kg N; N3- 60kg N và N4- 90kg N/ha ( winter - spring season) and N1- 30kg N; N2- 60kg N; N3- 90kg N và N4- 120kg N/ha (spring - summer season). The sub-factor consisted of two quinoa genotypes of Chilean origin, Green and Red quinoa. Data were collected for growth duration, plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll index (SPAD meter), lodging tolerance, pests and diseases, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Increased nitrogen levels prolonged crop duration in spring - summer season only but increased dry matter accumulation, number of grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight and grain yield of both quinoa varieties in both growing seasons. Application of 90kg N/ha appeared as optimal dose for growth, development and yield of quinoa varieties in both growing seasons. The results showed that winter - spring season was favorable for growth and grain yield in the Red River Delta.
Identifying Consumer Preference for Milled Rice Quality in The Red River Delta

Nguyen Trong Khanh, Nguyen Van Hoan

Date Received: 29-09-2014 / Date Accepted: 20-11-2014 / Date Published: 06-08-2025
Over the last years, the demand for good quality of milled/white rice in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam has been increasing rapidly. To meet that demand, breeding new varieties with fine grain quality, suitable for cultivation conditions and climate of the RRD is of crucial significance and a prerequisite. Identifying criteria for breeding good quality rice can help rice breeders to keep breeding programs on track. From the results of investigating consumer preferences and the consumption of good quality rice in the market as well as evaluating agronomic characteristics and milled rice of quality varieties accepted by market, selection criteria for quality varieties for the RRD were established. The main criteria include early maturity, stable yield (5.5-7.0 tons/ha), low to moderate amylose content (17-23%) and fragrance. However, there were no strict requirements for grain length and grain shape and the breeders can select varieties that have long, medium or short grain.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2014.12.8.
Evaluating the Nitrogen Fertilizer use Efficiency toward Reducing N2O Emission in Rice Production in the Red River Delta: A Case Study in Thuan Thanh, Bac Ninh

Phan Thi Hai Luyen, Nguyen Xuan Hoa

Date Received: 06-02-2025 / Date Published: 20-02-2025
The study aimed to evaluate the current status and factors affecting N use efficiency, thereby, proposing measures for improvement to reduce N2O emissions in rice production in the Red River Delta. The experiment was conducted on 30 farmers' production fields. In each field, one plot was designed without fertilization (control). Yield and amount of N absorbed in plants were analyzed to evaluate N use efficiency indicators. The results show that the current status of N recovery efficiency from fertilizers (ANR) and agronomic efficiency (AE) were low, 22.7 ± 5.5% and 15.94 ± 3.84kg grain/kg N, respectively. The factors that affect N use efficiency included N fertilizer level, rice variety, field size, and field elevation. At the current N fertilization level of 115kg N/ha, the amount of N2O emitted directly from fertilizer ứa recorded at 12.65kg N2O/ha, equivalent to 118,151kg N2O/year across the entire rice cultivation area of Thuan Thanh district. Research scenarios of reducing N fertilizer levels by 20-40% will correspondingly reduce 20-40% the amount of N2O emissions.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/865stg19
Commune Budget in Fiscal Decentralization: A Case Study of Hoang Dieu Commune, Gia Loc District, Hai Duong Province

Nguyen Huu Khanh

Date Received: 18-06-2014 / Date Accepted: 01-09-2014 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
Hoang Dieu, a rural commune located at the center of the Red River delta, was selected as a case study to examine impacts of changes in socio-economic factors on its budget. The results reveal that, during period from 2008 to 2013, the budget of the commune had considerably fluctuated not only in terms of budget amount but also in terms of budget structure. Expenditures for investment depended mostly on revenue from assigning use rights of residential land. We recommend that (1) declaration of commune budget to farmers should be promoted, (2) tax rate for non-agricultural land should be modified, and (3) fee for using public cropland land should be adjusted.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2014.12.6.
Current State and Solutions for the Developmentof Export Joineriesof Traditional CarpentryVillages in the RedRiver Delta Region

Tran Quang Vinh, Mai Thanh Cuc

Date Received: 27-09-2016 / Date Accepted: 30-10-2016 / Date Published: 13-06-2025
The manufacture of export joineries of traditional carpentry villages in the Red River Delta (RRD) region has attained substantial achievements in the recent time with a fast increase in wood processing bases that offer jobs and bring about positive significance in terms of socio-economic efficiency for the region. Beside the attained achievements, there still exist short-comings that need to be overcome, such as the limitation in export market for handicraft joineries, lack of stability and sustainability, especially the very limited exportation to potential markets such as EU, the U.S and Japan. Based on database study, interview method, group discussion, descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, this article focused on analysis and evaluation to clarify the current state of joinery manufacturing in some carpentry villages in the RDR, from which solutions to promote the production of these handicraft villages are proposed.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/tckhnnvn.2016.14.9.
Technical Efficiency of Sea Duck Farming in the Coastal Area of the Red River Delta

Nguyen Van Tuan, Vu Tien Vuong, To The Nguyen, Nguyen Cong Tiep

Date Received: 15-06-2021 / Date Accepted: 01-03-2022
This study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the technical efficiency of duck farming in the coastal area of the Red River Delta.Thestudy appliedthe stochastic production frontierto estimate technical efficiency and usedsurvey data of duck farmers in 3 coastal provinces (Thai Binh, Hai Phong,andNinh Binh). The results showedthat the average economic efficiency in duck production was quite high, at 74.72% for domestic duck farmingand 97.8% for sea duck farming.The factors that hadpositive impact on the economic efficiency of duck farmingincludedage, experience, education, and association activities. We recommend that policymakers canusethe findings from this study to help farmers expanding the scale of sea duck production in the future.
Technical Efficiency of Sea Duck Farming in the Coastal Area of the Red River Delta

Nguyen Van Tuan, Vu Tien Vuong, To The Nguyen, Nguyen Cong Tiep

Date Received: 15-06-2021 / Date Accepted: 01-03-2022
This study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the technical efficiency of duck farming in the coastal area of the Red River Delta.Thestudy appliedthe stochastic production frontierto estimate technical efficiency and usedsurvey data of duck farmers in 3 coastal provinces (Thai Binh, Hai Phong,andNinh Binh). The results showedthat the average economic efficiency in duck production was quite high, at 74.72% for domestic duck farmingand 97.8% for sea duck farming.The factors that hadpositive impact on the economic efficiency of duck farmingincludedage, experience, education, and association activities. We recommend that policymakers canusethe findings from this study to help farmers expanding the scale of sea duck production in the future.
Determination of Technical Measures to use Air-Assisted Strip Direct Seeding and Fertilizationof Inbred RiceCultivar ĐH12 in the Red River Delta

Tran Van Quang, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Le Van Huy, Tran Thi Huyen, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Ha Van Duyen

Date Received: 08-06-2021 / Date Accepted: 20-07-2021
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of incubation time, seeding depth and sowing density on yield of inbred rice cultivar ĐH12 for the use of air-assisted strip direct seeding cultivation in the Red River Delta. The experiments were designed in randomized complete block design (RCBD) withfive germination times, five seeding depths l and six sowing densities in the 2019 summer season at Gialam district, Hanoi. The results showed that f 12 hours incubation, 1.0cm sowing depth 1.0cm, and sowing density with row ×row = 20cm; hill x hill from 11.0 to 12.5cm (sowing density 40-45 hills/m2) were most suitable for ĐH12 cultivar with the highest yield
The Quality of Agricultural Public Services in the Red River Delta

Nguyen Thi Thanh

Date Received: 13-04-2020 / Date Accepted: 18-05-2020
This study aims to evaluate the quality of agricultural public services in the Red River Deltafrom service user perspective. The analytical framework is based on the SERVQUAL service quality model and expanded to some criteria suitable for the agricultural public service field. Data collected by conducting survey in three representative provinces of the region including Hanoi, Ha Nam and Thai Binh, achieved 283 responses. The analysis results showed that three quality dimensions with a low rating in agricultural services were transparency and accountability, outputs, and tangible factors. Extension services have received a lower average quality score than plant protection and agricultural infrastructures.
Detection of ColletotrichumSpecies Causing Anthracnose of Chili by Polymerase Chain reaction

Nguyen Duy Hung, Ha Viet Cuong, Hoang Chung Lam

Date Received: 21-01-2019 / Date Accepted: 19-02-2019
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichumspp. is one of the most destructive diseases of chili in Vietnam and worldwide. Identifying Colletotrichumspecies that cause anthracnosebased on morphological characteristics often causes confusion. The objective of the study was to design specific primer pairs for rapid and accurate diagnosis of Colletotrichumfungus causing anthracnose by PCR(polymerase chain reaction). In the study, based on the Internal TranscribedSpacer (ITS) region and the intergenic region of apn2 and MAT1-2-1genes (ApMat) four specific primer pairs were designed. Four species,i.e.C. truncatum, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu strictoandC. siamensethat cause chili anthracnose in the Red River Delta and some other provinceswere detected.The study also showed that a modified rapid extraction protocol using NaOH was highly effective to prepare DNA samples from Colletotrichumcultures for PCR reaction. PCR analyses using the newly designed specific primers on 52 chili Colletotrichumisolates collected from 13 provinces, mainly the Red River Delta, revealedC. siamenseas the most abundant species (51.9%of total isolates), followed by C. fructicola(21.2%), C. truncatum(15.4%), and C. gloeosporioidessensu stricto (9.6%).
Evaluation on Capacity of Professional Colleges in the Red River Delta Region at Periods of Integration

Dong Thi Van Hong, Ngo Thi Thuan

Date Received: 08-04-2014 / Date Accepted: 13-05-2014
Despite the remarkable contribution to the training progress of skilled labour for economic sectors, the professional colleges face with challenges of educational qualities and competitiveness under the globalization and economic integration. In this study, the analysis regarding the capacity of those colleges were categorized in 3 aspects as such, organization and management, education quality, and infrastructure and teaching facilities according to the requirements of the Ministry of Education and Training. The results indicated that the State-owned colleges had higher capacity in comparison with those under management of private enterprises. Regarding colleges’ capacity evaluation, the number of colleges that satisfied the requirement referred to organization and management capacity showed the highest of percentage (86.4%), while the figures for education and training qualities and the infrastructure and teaching facilities were 80,8 percent and 79,6 percent, respectively. 93.2 percent of the colleges in the province met the requirements for the first criterion on training goals and missions, while only 61.7 percent satisfied the criterion on library quality. Among 50 evaluation criteria, some criteria reached rather low value: 20% for the teaching materials, 40% for teaching material quality, 40.3 percent for financial budgeting, 45% for education transfer program and 55% for international cooperation and accommodation. These findings can serve as practical basis to find suitable solutions for improving capacity of professional colleges in professional education.
Evaluation on Economic Losses of Arising Wastes from Food Processing Handicraft Villages in the Red River Delta Region, Vietnam

Tran Van The, Nguyen Tuan Son, Nguyen Nghia Bien

Date Received: 20-11-2013 / Date Accepted: 03-01-2014
Despite thesocio-economic benefit, productionactivities in food processing handicraft villages have causedpressing problems on environmentand economic losses for farmers. The study results indicatedthat economic losses due to wastes from food processing operationsin handicraft villages varied from VND 2.9to 5.6 billion per annum;, whereineconomic losses from cassava starch and cana vermicilli processing villages were higher than other food processing handicraft villages. Health cost and change in agricultural productivity accounted for 57.53% and 24.58%, respectively,of the total economic losses. To reduce economic losses due to wastes arising from food processing in handicraft villagesand to ensure sustainable development, the study suggestedthat government should support to replan waste water collection system, solid waste tratementtechnology; issue and enforcecraft village-specificenvironmentalstandards; increase awareness and promote benefit and responsibility sharing among households and community, and strengthen environmental management activities and sanctionmeasures..
Effectiveness of Rice Straw Burrying with Microbial Products in Rice Production Following Organic Production Direction at Gia Lam, Ha Noi

Pham Tien Dung, Nguyen Xuan Xanh

Date Received: 15-01-2012 / Date Accepted: 21-05-2012
A study of burrying rice straws combined with two microbial product treatments (Bio-plant and Trichoderma) was conducted in spring rice and summer rice seasons on Red River alluvial soils of Ha Noi University of Agriculture. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block design. Research results pointed out that rice straw burrying with and without microbial product treatment led to differences in growth and development of rice plants. Observations indicate statistically significant differences in leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation, yield components and grain yield. The use of Bio-plant product combined with rice straw burrying brought higher rice yield than Trichoderma product and control (without microbial treatment, with the summer crop yield of 40.5; 38.0 and 36.5 quintal ha-1, respectively. The treatment of rice straws with Bio-plant product gave higher income by VND 5.2 to 6.5 millions per crop hecta-1.
Detection and Identification of Virus Causing Mosaic onLettuce in SomeProvinces of the Red River Delta

Nguyen Duc Huy, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hong, Bui Phuong Anh

Date Received: 03-04-2018 / Date Accepted: 14-06-2018
The aim of this studywasto identify potyviruses from lettuce leaf samplesshowing virus-like symptom collected from sixprovinces in theRed River Delta. The leafsamples were inoculated onto indicator plants such as Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolorand Nicotiana benthamianafor examining the presence of the viruses. Furthermore, total RNAs wereextracted from the leafsamples and amplified by RT-PCR using universal primer pairs, CI-For and CI-Rev, for the detection of potyvirus. After inoculation,indicator plants showed yellow spot and systemic infection on C. quinoa, C. amaranticolorand mosaic on N. benthamiana,indicatingthat lettuce the leaves were infected withvirus. RT-PCR amplificationof about 0.7 kb revealedthat the leaf samples were infected by genus potyvirus. Sequencingof RT-PCR products showed 99.0% nucleotide identiy of C terminus of the cylindrical inclusion (CI)withLettuce mosaic virus(LMV). LMV infectsGomphrena globose, Datura metel, Pisum sativumand Solanum lycopersicum in the pathogenicity test.This is the first report onLMV in Vietnam.

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