Vol. 11 No. 8 (2013)

The pure-line rice variety Huong Com 4 (HC4) was selected from introduced MHV population by pedigree method. It is a temperature sensitive , early maturing (105-100 days in summer crop, 125-140 days in spring crop), with good phenotype, i.e. semi-dwarf, sturdy culms and small V-shaped leaves. HC4 is resistant to bacterial leaf blight disease, but slightly susceptible to blast, sheath blight and brown plant hopper. HC4 is suitable to late Spring, early Summer and Summer-Autumm cropping seasons in nothern Vietnam. The variety shows stable yield and high quality. In the variety trials HC4 gave yield in the range from 4.5 to 7.0 tons per hectare, higher than the check variety Bacthom 7. HC4 has good quality, i.e. slender and long grain, high head rice percentage, medium amylose content (17.9-18.5%), acceptable protein content (7.9-8.2%) and good cooking quality.

Lily can be propagated by sexual and asexual means. There are many asexual propagation methods to produce bulbs: separation of younger, small bulbs from mature bulbs, offsets growing from parent plants, bulbils formed in the leaf axils, tissue culture or by scales.. The propagation by scaling method is used mainly in the countries producing lily bulbs. In Vietnam, this propagation method is hardly applicable. Therefore, this study aimed at finding the technical parameters for production of small bulbs by bulb scales. The most suitable main bulb perimeter to take scales is 20-22 cm. The scales are placed between land and coir layers to obtain high multiplication rate and quality of small bulbs. Cold treatment (50C) of small bulbs most rapidly transformed the starch and sugar into reducing and soluble sugar during the first 40 days of cold treatment. The results may serve as basis for further research in the production of lily bulbs by scaling method.

The Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus Fallen (SBPH) is a key insect pest of rice in Northern provinces. In addition to direct damage to development and productivity of rice, SBPH is a vector of viral diseases of rice. The study was conducted at the relative humidity of 85% and two temperatures, 250C and 300C with the food being 15-day old rice seedlings of variety Bacthom No 7. The results showed that at 250C and 300C SBPH’s life cycle was relatively short with 28.5 days and 24 days; the oviposition time with 9 days and 7 days; and average number of eggs per female 154.07 and 104.63, respectively. At 250C and 85% RH, SBPH’s the natural intrinsic rate (r) was relatively high (0.1194); Net reproductive rate (R0) was 52.07 and time for double population (DT) was 5.81 days. At 300C and 85% RH, SBPH’s the natural intrinsic rate (r) was relatively high (0.1294); Net reproductive rate (R0) was 32.91 and time for double population (DT) was 5.36 days.

The study on the effectsofcombined EMStreatment andgammaradiation on survival, growth, developmentandgenetic changes ofin vitro carnation (Dianthus caryophyllusL.)aimed at identifying effective methodstocreatematerialsfor carnation breeding.Stem segments with nodes of in vitro plantlets (cultivar “Princess”) were treated withdifferentEMSconcentrationsand gamma - raysirradiationdoses(EMS concentrationsfrom0.1 to0.4% andthe absorbed doseof gamma – rays from10-30Gᵧ).Eighttypesofshoot variants were obtained(A, B, C, D, E, F, Gand H).Inin vitrocondition, the height, number ofleavesandrooting abilityofthese shoot variantswerereduced graduallyin the following descendingorder:C> A> D> B> F> H>G.Thegrowth anddevelopmentofthese shoottypesin thenurserywere alsodifferent. The shoot type showed strongest growth, followed by typesA, D, F, B, and H. The type G did not grow and developinnurseryconditions. Some variantsoftheleafmorphology andcolor offlowers were isolated. The results showed that the rate of genetic changes was positively correlated with treatment dose. However, mutationrate increasedmainly intheundesirable types. The optimal treatmentdosewas 0.2% EMSand radiation of 20Gy. Thisdoseyieldedhigh survival rateandfrequency ofpotential varianttypesforbreedingnewcarnation cultivar.

Drought, as a result of global climate change, is the most important factor affecting food production and security worldwide. Although rice yields in irrigated areas have increased 2 to 3 times over last three decades, but the increase in rainfed farming was quite small. The experiment was conducted to evaluate drought tolerance in terms of agronomic and yields traits of 26 rice accessions including imported and local varieties and breeding lines at three critical stages: tillering stage 28 days after transplanting (Stage 1), booting stage 15 days before flowering (Stage 2) and 7 days after flowering (Stage 3). H2 , H8 , H13 , H14 , H22 , H27 , H32 , H41 , H42 , H43 , H45 and H52 were identified as drought tolerant at tillering stage; H8, H14, H16, H27, H41, H43 and, H45 at booting stage; and H8, H27, H41, H43, and H52 at flowering - ripening stagef. Combined with performance indicators and some other basic criteria, we initially selected 7 accessions H8 , H12 , H14 , H20 , H27 , H42 and H45 with drought tolerance and good yield potential for future breeding work.

A pot experiment was conducted in the green house in 2011 spring cropping season at Hanoi University of Agriculture to determine the effects of drought stress (-60 kPa) on photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation in vegetative stage of some sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Carbon exchange rate (CER), chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm value, leaf area and dry matter accumulation (DM) decreased in all sorghum varieties under the drought treatment. There were positive relationships between CER and stomatal conductance and between CER and transpiration rate. These relationships were closer in drought treatment than those in control. Among 10 sorghum varieties, CL88 showed the best recovery for CER. Besides, CL09 exhibited the highest value of DM, chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm at recovery stage.

This study was carried out at the animal farm of Hanoi University of Agriculture from August 2012 to April 2013 to evaluate effects of halothane genotype (CC and CT) and gender (intact males and gilts) on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Piétrain stress negative pigs. The backfat thickness, depth of longissimus dorsi muscle and lean meat percentage at 7.5 months were collected from 83 pigs (31 females and 52 intact males). Data on carcass performance were collected from 43 pigs (28 females and 15 intact males). The organoleptic quality of longissimus dorsi muscle was determined from 35 samples (19 females and 16 intact males). For meat chemical compositions, 24 samples (14 females and 10 intact males) were analyzed. Slaughter weight (88.75 kg), carcass weight (58.40 kg), eye muscle area (57.54 cm²), backfat thickness (9.26 mm) and depth of longissimus dorsi muscle (58.01 mm) of gilts were higher than those of intact males (81.29 kg, 52.77 kg, 51.04 cm², 8.01 mm and 52.76 mm). Killing out percentage, carcass percentage and carcass length were similar between gilts and intact males (P>0.05). The pH of longissimus dorsi muscle at 24 hours post mortem between gilts (5.34) and boars (5.50) were significantly different (P<0.001). Gilts had more lipid content than intact males (P<0.01). Halothane genotype did not affect carcass characteristics, meat quality and meat chemical composition (P>0.05). The results indicate that Piétrain stress negative pigs had high carcass percentage and good meat quality. Individuals with halothane genotype CC and CT can be choosen for the breeding without affecting the carcass performance and meat quality. Carcass percentage and pH45 of longissimus dorsi muscle of gilts were higher than those of intact boars.

Dak Nong Province, a newly established province in the central highland, has on going processes of landuse changes in both agriculture production and forestry land from 2000 to present. The research showed that the total area of ​​forest land lost at this stage is estimated at 131.725 ha (approximately 20% of total natural area of ​​the province). This is an alarming figure due to the specific geographic location and, the deforestation in Dak Nong will affect the ecological environment not only in the province but also the surrounding regions in Central and Southeast provinces. Investigation through household interviews and working with related departments at provincial and district levels as well as consulting the scientists, the research identified the trend of arable and forest land use as well as the main cause of losing forest in the period from 2000 to 2012 . The solutions toof agricultural and forest land use in Dak Nong province were also prposed.

An intelligent learning environment (ILE) can adapt the educational interaction to the specific needs of the individual learner according to learner profile. Learner profile is all information which the system holds about the learner. The learner profile also provides guidances and supports to teachers and the assessment systems. Therefore, learner profile has become an interesting field in e-learning researches. The main problems in learner profile researches are how to choose a good learner profile model (or what information should be stored?) and what is a good representation of learner profile for a specific user in a specific context? In this paper, we first review some e-learning systems and related papers to identify a good viewpoint which allow us to identify information which is needed in a learner profile. We then propose a learner profile model based on that view and how to present the information in the learner profile.

Deodorizing distillate - major by-product from purifying soybean oil, which contains three high value compounds like fatty acids, tocopherols (vitamin E), and phytosterols, is useful material for obtaining vitamin E. Firstly, deodorizing distillate was dehydrated by Na2SO4 and then free fatty acids in deodorizing distillate were converted to ethyl esters with concentrated H2SO4 catalyst and 20 ; 1 ethanol : deodorizing distillate ratio (mol/mol) at 700C for 80 minutes. Secondly, the product mixture of ethyl esterification reaction was evaporated, alcohol and acid removed by water washing. Ethyl esters of fatty acids were removed by vacuum distillation at 5mbar and at 198 - 2250C. Phytosterols were separated from distillation bottoms by crystallization method with etanol at 50C to obtain crude vitamin E. It was extracted with two times ethanol, then crystallized at -150C to remove remnant phytosterol and other undesired substances. Finally, natural vitamin E with 90.8% purity was extracted on silica gel (0.063 – 0.200 m) column with eluted solvents, n-hexan : ethanol: 9:1.

Sự thu hồi protein và lipit từ đầu cá ngừ vây vàng theo phương pháp thuỷ phân bằng enzyme đã được nghiên cứu. Sự thuỷ phân đầu cá ngừ được thực hiện bằng Protamex 0,5% ở nhiệt độ 45°C, không điều chỉnh pH, trong thời gian 120 phút, tỉ lệ nước/nguyên liệu là 1/1 (ml/g). Hiệu suất thu hồi nitơ, thành phần axit amin của sản phẩm thuỷ phân protein, hiệu suất thu hổi lipit và thành phần axit béo của dầu cá thu được từ sự thuỷ phân đầu cá ngừ đã được xác định. Kết quả đã chỉ ra rằng sau 120 phút thuỷ phân, hiệu suất thu hồi nitơ và lipit lần lượt là 70,3% and 65,4%. Sản phẩm thuỷ phân protein từ đầu cá ngừ vây vàng có hàm lượng protein 80%, lipit 1,3% và tro 7,9%. Sản phẩm thuỷ phân protein có hàm lượng axit amin không thay thế cao (33,67%). Dầu cá thu được từ sự thuỷ phân đầu cá ngừ giàu axit béo omega 3 (18,99%), đặc biệt axit docosahexaenoic (DHA) và eicosapentaenoic (EPA). Hàm lượng axit béo omega 6 là 4,37%. Các axit béo có hàm lượng cao trong dầu đầu cá ngừ là palmitic (29,75%), oleic (16,76%) và docosahexaenoic (14,56%).

The pull-griping characteristics of the moving chain parts are the most important economical determinant of tractor. These characteristics are also used to determine the completeness of the structure in designing and manufacturing tractor. Studying the pull-griping characteristics of the moving chain parts based on the theory of the chain-soil relationship provides reliable results because of the complexity of the interaction between the moving chain parts and soil. Therefore, only experimental methods can yields quantitative results. The present paper described the experimental methods to identify the pull-griping characteristics of the moving chain parts on the field.

 The purpose of this study wasto discernthe statusandfactors influencing new rural development in the province of Bac Ninh, and thereby to propose policy recommendations for the development of craft villagesin theprovince.Descriptive statistical and comparative methodswereused to analyze secondary and survey data from four representativecraft villages in the study area. The resultsshowedthat productionhouseholdsaccount for the highest number among all production types in study area. Besides, manual production presenteda big constraint in selling craft products in Bac Ninh. The main influencing factors identified wereincomplete/inharmonicdevelopment policiesfor craft village, lack oftrained workers and lack of market information. Increasing trained labors, developingraw materials sourcesandsupporting advanced technology applications can be recommended as key solutions.

Despite thesocio-economic benefit, productionactivities in food processing handicraft villages have causedpressing problems on environmentand economic losses for farmers. The study results indicatedthat economic losses due to wastes from food processing operationsin handicraft villages varied from VND 2.9to 5.6 billion per annum;, whereineconomic losses from cassava starch and cana vermicilli processing villages were higher than other food processing handicraft villages. Health cost and change in agricultural productivity accounted for 57.53% and 24.58%, respectively,of the total economic losses. To reduce economic losses due to wastes arising from food processing in handicraft villagesand to ensure sustainable development, the study suggestedthat government should support to replan waste water collection system, solid waste tratementtechnology; issue and enforcecraft village-specificenvironmentalstandards; increase awareness and promote benefit and responsibility sharing among households and community, and strengthen environmental management activities and sanctionmeasures..

This paper aimedto investigate the current situation of linkages in pinapple production between farm households and DOVECO, then to draw the implications for enhancing the linkage in the future. The research results showedthat the linkages between farm households and the company was achievedthrough the formal contracts which clearly identify the assigned production volume, price and new planting area for each pineapple variety. Although the total procured volume of the comapy exceeded the total assigned contract volume in 2012, a significant proportionof farm households violated the contract. Raising the awareness of farmers on their responsibility in complying with the contracts, more spport for households in providing production inputs, adjusting the provision on pineapple price in the terms of contract and keeping payments on time for households are necessary measures for enhancing the linkage in the coming time.

Providing cost information for making business decision in business environment withhigh level of competitiveness is always of primary concern in business management. This study was focused onon the applicationof overhead allocation methods that ensure the harmony based oncombiningboth exactitude (the cost information determined) and rationality (simple and economical). By analyzing the advantages and limitations of the methods to allocate overhead cost, allocating overhead cost based on relation to cost objects wasconsidered as a reasonable solutionfor managers’ decision. Empirical results of case study at Hoa San Co.Ltd showed that allocating overhead cost based on relation to cost objects do not only provide more accurate cost information but also ensure the “rationality”.

Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI) ngày càng trở nên quan trọng trong quá trình phát triển của Việt Nam. Sau hơn hai thập kỷ kể từ khi tiến hành đổi mới năm 1986, đất nước đã thu hút được một lượng lớn vốn FDI lên tới 229.913,7 triệu USD. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng mô hình lực hấp dẫn và phương pháp ước lượng Hausman-Taylor để kiểm tra xem liệu chỉ số tương đồng về quy mô kinh tế có thúc đẩy các dòng vốn FDI vào Việt Nam hay không. Vấn đề này có thể chưa được đề cập trong các nghiên cứu trước đây cho trường hợp của Việt Nam. Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy chỉ số này thúc đẩy mạnh mẽ các luồng vốn FDI vào Việt Nam. Nói cách khác, Việt Nam có xu hướng nhận được nhiều vốn FDI từ các đối tác có “quy mô kinh tế và trình độ phát triển tương đồng”. Kết quả này củng cố cho lý thuyết mới về FDI tại các nền kinh tế mới nổi.