Vol. 13 No. 4 (2015)

A total of12 mugwort assessions (G1to G15) collected from thep rovinces in Northern Viet Namwere characterized on morpholoy, anatomy and flowering. The resuts showed thatthemugwort accessions were rather diverse instem color (green -G13, G14; purple green G1, G2 - and purple -G4), flower color (white and light yellow), plant height (from 32.45 cm in G7 to 148.8 cm in G2), branching (from 7.25 branches/plant in G1 to 29.75 branches/plant in G9), and flowering. Flowering of mugwort started from September (G1, G2) to November (G13, G14) and time from flowering to ripping seeds was onemonth in all of accessions. The high of fertility rate (>90%) of pollenwasobservedin all assessions. Seed shape and 1000 seed mass (0.1 -0.2 g) wereassession-specific.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of five organic nutrient solution concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) extracted from animal and plantswithKnop’ssolution as control,on water spinach grownin non-circulating hydroponics. The pot experiment was carried in green house. The pots werelaid out in a randomized complete block design withthree replications. The results showed that organic nutrient solution exerted positiveeffect on the growth, yield and quality of water spinach in whichconcentrations of 3% and 4% yieldedhighestyield. Organic solution treatments showed higher quality compared with inorganic solution treatment (Knop’s solution), i.e.NO3-content was nearly 6 times lower compared with the control, while levelwassignificantlyhigher. The results suggestedthat organic solution concentrationsof 3% and 4% are suitable for growing water spinach in non-circulation hydroponic method.

Apot experiment was conducted in the green house atViet Nam National University ofAgriculture in 2014autumn season to evaluate the dry matter accumulation and translocationof thenon-structure carbohydratesof some improved rice lines(D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5). These lines were developed from a combination between a popular rice variety-Khang Dan 18(KD18) and TCS3 and selected for short growth duration and high grain yield. The results showed that the growth duration of all improved lines were 10-11 daysshorter than that of KD18. The ratesof thenon-structure carbohydratetranslocation from culms to panicles and the rate of filled-grain of the lines D1, D4 and D5 werehigher than those of KD18. There was a closepositive correlation between individual grain yield and the total dry matter weight at the tillering stage and the CO2 exchange rate at the dough-ripening stage.Although the growth duration of improved lines rice was shorter than that of KD18, their individual grain yieldsweresimilar to that of KD18 (D1 and D4) or even higher (D5). Therefore, the accumulative grain yield of these improved lines was higher than that of KD18.

Potassium is an important nutrient for the growth and root yield of sweet potato. An experimentwas carried out to determine the optimal level of potassium for yield and quality of Japanese purple sweet potatoin acid sulfatesoils at Binh Tan District, Vinh Long Province. The experiment was set up in a randomized completed block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications, 35 m2/each replication (7 x 5 m). The treatments were 100 kg N/ha - 80 kg P2O5/ ha combined with 5 levels of K2O (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg K2O/ha) and 80 kg P2O5/ha - 250 kg K2O/ha combined with 125 kg N/ha and 187 kg N/ha. The results showed that 200 kg K2O/ha combined with 100 kg N/ha - 80 kg P2O5/ha increased commercial rootyield of purple Japanese sweet potato by57.4% in comparisonwithzeroapplication of potassium or 31.2% compared with farmers' fertilizationpractice (100 kg K2O/ha). It was suggested thatgrowers should apply thisas recommendation for sweet potato cultivation in acid sulfatesoil at Binh Tan, Vinh Long.

The experiment was conducted in two seasons in 2014 to determine the effects of 4 organic mulching materials: rice straw, rice husk, sawdust, groundnut residue on leaf yield and leaf quality of mulberry (Morus alba L)under rain-fed condition. The field experiment with mulchingwas arranged in randomized complete block designwhileindoor feeding experiment of silkworm determine the quality of leaf mulberry was laid out using completely randomizeddesign with 3 replecations.The results showed thatorganic mulching materials increased growth of mulberry plant, yield and quality of mulberry leaves. Leaf yield inorganic mulching treatments was higher than control (no muching) from 31.5% to 51.8% in spring and from 8.3% to 54.2% in autumnand thecocoon yield increased from 9.2 - 15.2% and 5.1 - 16.8% in spring and autumn, respectively. Among organic materials, groundnut residue had the highest value in the total length of branch per plant, leaf thickness and leaf yield; silkworms were feed mulberry leavesfrom groudnut residue mulching treatment exhibited ncreased vitalityand brought about highercocoon weight in both seasons. The results also indicated that soil moisture content, soil organic matter content were improved by mulching with organic materials.

Allium fistusolumL.is a spicy vegatable containing variousnutrients beneficial to the human body, suchas vitamins and mineral elements. In addition, onionscaneliminatestinking/discomforttastes and excite apatite. There are several cultural practicesavailable to increase in the productivity and the quality of Allium fistusolumL, including the fertilization withmacronutrients.An experimental was carried out in Phu Cat district of Binh Dinh province to determine the effect of different KCl levels (160 kg K2O to 220 kg K2O hecta-1) on yield and quality of Allium fistusolum.The onion bulbs were planted in slight loam substrate.Theresults showed that applyingKCl at 190 kg K2O per hectare yielded in high bulb yield, larger bulbsizeand weight and higher dry matter content, reducing sugars, vitaminsCand PPand minerals in comparison with other KCl rates.

A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions at Viet NamNational University of Agriculture to determine the effects of waterloggingon agronomical and physiological traits related to nitrogen fixation ability of nodule bacteria (Rhizobium) in soybean at the flowering stage. Seeds of each cultivarwere sown in pots containing 6 kg dry soi. When plantstartedflowering, each pot was subjected to flood and maintained 3cm-water for one week at flowering stage. The results showed that the number of nodules and mass of nodules, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, carbon exchange rate, dry matter accumulation, total protein content and individual plant yieldwere significantly reduced underflooding conditions. D140 and D912 varieties showed better growth, recovery and final yield under flooding conditions (4.85 and 4.67 g/plant) while AK03 variety was the most affected by flooding stress(3.55 g/plant).

An investigation was conducted to study the impact of alternative feeding practices on productivity and cattle enteric methane emissions of smallholder dairy systems in Ba Vi, Ha Noi. The study included two phases. During the first phase, data was collected in 30 farms in Ba Vi, Ha Noi through a semi-structured questionnaire. Average farm size (Mean± SD) was 0.85 ± 0.50 ha (15% crop area) and ~ 9 heads of pure and crossbred Holstein Friesian cattle. Herd structure consisted of 11, 25, 17 and 47% of calves, heifers, dry and lactating cows, respectively. Annual milk yield/farm was 28,655 ± 16,035 L (~US$ 20,059). Daily milk yield/cow was 14.1 ± 2.9 L. Using the feed supplied in each farm, the Ruminant model estimated yearly cattle enteric methane emission of 590 ± 359 kg per farm, 14.8 ± 8.99 tones CO2eq/farm and 0.52 ± 0.14 kg CO2 eq/L/milk. In the second phase, data was computed using a fixed representative farm to estimate responses to different feeding practices. Results showed that in comparison with Nepier grass (Pennissetum purpureum) and Guinea (Panicum maximum) or maize (Zea mays; 50% DM of the diet), the use of Ruzzi (Brachiaria ruziziensis) grass improved milk yield up to 14% and reduced enteric methane efficiency up to 9.4%. Potential increase of milk yield (5.3%) and decreased enteric methane efficiency up to 3.6% were predicted when maize silage substituted 50% of the elephant grass.

An epidemiological study on 3,600 pigs in three districs,Vo Nhai, Phu Luong and Dong Hy,of Thai Nguyen province was carried out from 2010 to 2013. Five species of nematode were detectedin the intestines of pigs. viz.: Gnathostoma doloresi, Ascaris suum, Trichocephalus suis, Strongyloides ransomi andOesophagostomum dentatum.The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infections was 68.16%with 82.75% beingfound in pigs from 3 to 6 months of age, followed by pigs over 6 months old (72.25%) and lowest in less than 2 month-oldpigs (49.50%). The prevalence was found highest in mountainousarea (75.50%). The prevalence in summer-autum and winter-spring were 72.00% and 64.33%, respecvely. The highest prevalence was found in free - roaming pigs (96.25%) and the lowest in pigs kept inpens (30.75%).

A feeding trial was carried out to determine effects of proportion ofPara grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Gigantea leaves (Trichanthera gigantea)in the diet on feed utilization and growth performance of exotic rabbits. A total of 30 New Zealand White rabbits at 1.5 months of age were randomly divided into 5 groups to be fed diets in which 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% Para grass was replaced with Gigantea leaves. Results showed that inclusion of Gigantea leaves in the diet to replace Para grass improved feed intake and growth without significantly affecting the carcass composition of the rabbit. It wassuggested that Gigantea leaves can be used as a sole source of green foliage in the diet for this type of animal. However, there should be further investigation with diets in which higher levels of protein (>16% CP) and lower level of fiber (<42% NDF) to determine protein and fiber requirements in the diet of growing New Zealand White rabbits.

The study was conducted to determine the effect of different antibiotics on sperm motility following chilled storage of Waigieu seaperch Psammoperca waigiensis. Semenwere diluted with an extender at a ratio of 1:3 (semen: ASP) in 1.5ml Eppendorf tubes. Experiments were conducted by adding different antibiotics including Neomycin, Gentamycin, or Penicillin plus Streptomycin at concentrations of 200, 400 or 600 ppm. All treatments were refrigerated at 4oC. The results showed that sperm motility was best when 200 ppm Neomycin was added. Sperms remained motile up to 36 days in this experiment.

An exotic grandparent flock of CV super M ducks conisisting of 4 lines A, B, C and D was completely raised without pond at Ha Noi University of Agriculture to assess the productive performance of gilt and laying stage. The results showed that, in gilt period (up to 24 weeks), the survival rate was very high, reaching 95 - 97%. At maturation age, the physical appearance of ducks was characteristic of high-yield of super meat duck. The body weight of two male lines A and C was 4.3 kg and 3.8 kg, respectively; while the other two female lines B and C was 3.6 and 2.8 kg, respectively, equivalent to the supplier firm’s specification. The average feeding cost for a grandparent gilt duck was VND 248,802.5. About 5% of CV super M ducks lays egg at 175 - 177 days of age, and reached the peak at 223 - 224 days old. Within 24 laying weeks, an average birth rate and egg production of B line was 69.12% and 116.1 egg/duck, respectively. The similar figure for D line was 75.70% and 127.2 egg/duck. The feed used for producing 10 eggs of B line was 4.4 kg, and for 10 hatching eggs was 5.0 kg. The figure for D line was 4.1 kg and 4.8 kg. The cost to produce 10 hatching eggs of both these lines was VND40,400 and VND 38.267, respectively. Both lines had good quality hatching eggs, the percentage of type I / total hatching eggs was 71% and 73% with line B and line D, respectively.

The present study was carried out at households in Nho Quan district, Ninh Binh province to determine the appearance characteristics and growth performance of indigenous goat (Co),F1between Bach Thao (BT)xCo (BT×Cỏ),and three way crossbred Boerx(BT×Cỏ). Results showed that Co goat had heterogeneouscolor hair, mostly yellow (54.47%). The F1 cross (BT×Cỏ) had four legs are longer than its’s Co and the ears are bigger but straight. Crossbred goats(Box (BT×Cỏ)) commonly have color same color of the male Boer breed (brown (37.11%) or Black heads (21.64%). They havelarge and balanced body size,well developed muscles, and big drooping ears. Body weight of[Bo × (BT×Cỏ)]cross wasalways highest. Male goats showed body weight higher than the females at all ages.The average daily gain (ADG) of the three way cross [Bo × (BT×Cỏ)](81.66g) was remakably higher than BT×Cogoat (66.71 g) and Co (47.12g) (P<0.05). Males have absolute growth rate higher than female goats atmost of stages of age evaluated.

The study aims to assess land management and land useof economicorganizationswhich were assigned or leased land by the governmentin Me Linh. Thus, propose solutionsto enhanceland use efficiency, at the same time to limit the cases of breaking the Land law. The research used intergrated analysis and comparisonmethods. The result shows thatthere were 217economicorganizationswhich wereassigned or leased land with a total area of ​​927.50 ha in Me Linh District. 25 organizations used the land for improper purposes with an area of 14.27 ha; 9organizations used land for leasing to another organization with an area of 13.20 ha; 5 organizations had land in dispute with an area of 13.10 ha; 16 organizations used land as a join capital in business with an area of 34.74 ha and 13 organizations with 84.55 ha of land which have not put in to use yet. To remedy thesesituations, it is necessary to promulgate appropriate policies and laws, economical solutions, scientific solutions and management solutions.

Nghiên cứu này tập trung phân tích hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp tại bản Diềm, thuộc vùng đệm của Vườn quốc gia Pù Mát theo banhóm tiêu chí là trữ lượng carbon, hiệu quả kinh tế và đặc điểm sinh kế của người dân. Nghiên cứu sử dụng số liệu thống kê tại địa phương kết hợp với điều tra thực tế, bao gồm phỏng vấn hộ gia đình, thảo luận nhóm người dân và đo sinh khối rừng. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy tại địa bàn nghiên cứu có hai loại hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp chính là mô hình truyền thống và mô hình cải tiến; Hiệu quả kinh tế của những loại hình sử dụng đất thuộc các hệ thống nông lâm kết hợp đều có giá trị lợi nhuận ròng NPV dương. Sinh kế của người dân địa phương phụ thuộc chủ yếu vào trồng sắn, trồng keo, và chăn nuôi; Thu nhập ròng trong trồng Mét và Keo dao động từ 6 -18 triệu đồng/ha trong khi đó thu nhập ròng từ trồng sắn chỉ đạt 2,5 triệu đồng/ha. Hiệu quả môi trường của các mô hình nông lâm kết hợp được thể hiện quả trữ lượng carbonbề mặt với mức dao động từ 12,17 -84,58 tấn/ha. Những ô tiêu chuẩn có giá trị carbonbề mặt thấp thường có tre nứa chiếm ưu thế và rất ít cây thân gỗ. Đề xuất cho giải pháp phát triển các mô hình nông lâm kết hợp cho bản Diềm bao gồm (i) nâng cao lợi ích từ các khu vực quy hoạch canh tác nương rẫy; (ii) thực hiện giao đất lâm nghiệp hoặc thực hiện hợp đồng bảo vệ rừng và phát triển vườn nhà và vườn rừng.

In the present study, the morphogenesis of leaf tTCLs, petiole lTCLs and petiole tTCLs, and main root tTCLs of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. was investigated. Explants were cultured on MS media containing 30 g/l sucrose, 8 g/l agar and different concentrations of plant growth regulators including NAA, 2,4-D, BA and TDZ (alone or in combination). After 10 weeks of culture, results indicated that leaf tTCLs, petiole lTCLs and main root tTCLs gave the embryogenesis, callogenesis and root formation whilst petiole tTCLs resulted in callogenesis and root formation but not embryogenesis. The highest embryogenesis rate (89.6%), callogenesis rate (91 - 98.8%) and root formation rate (98.8%) were recorded when leaf tTCLs were cultured on media supplemented with 2.0 mg/l NAA and maintained under a long photoperiod with 16:8-h light-dark cycle (LD 16:8); leaf tTCLs, petiole lTCLsand petiole tTCLs, main root tTCLs were cultured on media with 2,4-D plus BA under a long photoperiod and darkness; and media with 1.0 mg/l NAA under darkness, respectively. Light conditions significantly affected the morphogenesis of all explant types. LD 16:8 was found to be suitable for embryogenesis, and formation of globular, heart- and torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary embryos were observed. The darkness, on the other hand, showed to be effective for root formation and callogenesis, milk-white roots with few branches and yellowish friable calli were obtained.

In recent years, there is anexplosive growth of portable devices such as smart phones, tablets and other devices, thetrend ofweb designthat supportsfor mobile devices such as optimizingtouch screens, minimizing control buttons andempty space, enhancingvideosand graphics, designinglearning applications, interacting with social networks. One of the newestweb design trends and most revolutionary development to meet above-mentionedrequirements at the moment is responsive web design. This paper presents the results obtained in the analysis, design, installation and deployment of mobile version of the Facultyof Information Technology’s websiteafter having carried out an investigation in the actual usageof responsive web designmethod atsome organizations in the field of Information Technology in Viet Namand around the world.

Insects are an extremely diverse layer of animals on the planet. They affect the life and welfare of humans in many different ways. Despitesome remarkable publications on insects in Viet Nam such as the book entitled “Côn trùng và động vật hại nông nghiệp Việt Nam”(Agricultural insectsand pests in Viet Nam)by Vietnamese entomologists, there havenot been any systematic websites or online libraries. Therefore, we have studied ASP.Net technologyandSQL Server database managementandcollecteddata oninsectsto develop an useful application. Our aim was to create an online database systemof insects, particularly those of agricultural significance. This application allows community to access and share information on insectsin general and agricultural pests in particular.

Colocasia esculenta(L)Schott belonging to Araceae family has a long history of cultivation and plays an important role in food production of the poor agricultural and slow developing countries, in including Viet Nam. Tissue culture method is considered as an important method for producingdisease-freeandlong-term conservationof genetic resources and the means forexchange of taro germplasm, especially for conservation of genetic resource distributed inmountainous areas or wild relatives that are difficult to maintain in field conditions. Results of in vitromaintenance of Bac Can taro showed that the suitable materials used for micropropagation were tubers.Themost suitabledisinfection was achieved by dipping taro tubers in 0.1% HgCl2 for7 minutes + 0.1% HgCl2 in 1 minute. Optimum medium for in vitrotaro plantlet maintenancewas MS + 6 g/l agar + 2g/l mannitol, or cultured under conditions of low temperature(5°C). These culture conditionsnot only reduced the growth of in vitroplantsand prolonged thetime for conservationbut alsosustainedgood growth of in vitroplants. The medium used formaintenance ofin vitrotubers was MS + 90g/l saccarose + 6g/l agar + Alar 2g/l and photoperiod16h/day.

Litchi (Litchi chinensisSonn.) fruitis one of the most popular fruits in Viet Nam. However, occurrence of postharvest pericarp browning and rapid decay shortenthe postharvest storagelife of litchi fruitand reduce fruit quality. A study was designed to invetigate the effect of different postharvest treatments on fruit quality. Incidence of microbiological infection, weight loss, anthocyanin content and other nutrional quality attributes were determined at harvest and 10, 20, 30, 35 days afterstorage. Results suggestedthat after 35 days of storage the pericarp browning and fruit quality deterioration can be better delayedcompared to the control by dipping fruits in 0.1%carbendazim, followed by4 mM oxalic acidand finally packed in polypropylene bag with 0.008% of perforation and stored at 4 ± 1oCandrelative humidity of 75%.

This study was conducted to determine optimal media for in vitro propagation and flowering of rose (Rosa sericea Lindl) collected in Phu Tho province, Viet Nam. 99.78% of rose explants formed shoots on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l α-NAA. The optimal medium for micropropation was MS medium containing 1.5 mg/l BA. 100 % of the shoots produced roots on ¼ MS. The study showed that AgNO3 and CoCl2 had positive impacts on in vitro flowering of the rose plantlets. On medium supplemented with 30 M AgNO3 or 30 M CoCl2, flowering rates were 50 % and 20 %, respectively. On medium containing 30 M AgNO3, flower longevity last 14 days after anthesis whereas on medium including 30 M CoCl2, flowers only last 7-8 days.

The research focused on assessing the perception of learners on brand equity of accounting and business management education at Viet Nam National University of Agriculture based on secondary data and direct learners’ interview. As a result, learners rated brand of accounting and business education as moderate level, wherein the specilization and employment opportunity were rated lower compared with teaching staff and course practicality. Factor analysis showed that the reputation of the university and the faculty was related to historical development, entry requirements, guaranteed graduation quality and superiority in certain major. The factor of career employment was influenced by employment opportunity after graduation, the value of qualification, flexibility in changing work and career orientation of learners’ families. In addition, the student preferences, the tendency of society and gender also affected the individual leaner characteristics. Finally, education quality were influenced by education facilities, lecturer qualification, teaching method, learning outcome assessment and orientation activities for enhancing student professtional capability.

This study aimed at analyzing factors influencing service quality of ecotourism at the national Park in Ba Vi, Ha Noi. The influencing criteria were measured and tested through the methods of Cronbach alpha coefficient and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The primary data were collected in 2014 on 252 tourists. The research results of Ordinal Logit Regression revealed that except “transportation”, six factor groups affecting service quality of ecotourism included eco-landscape, empathy, responsiveness, liasion, management capacity, and safety. Among these, the eco-landscape appeared to be major factor determining eco-tourism quality.