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Effects of Irrigation Mat and Substrates on Watering Cycle, WaterRequirement, Growth and Quality of Potted Dwarf Marigold(Tagele patula L.)

Nguyen The Hung, Nguyen Thi Thao, Le Phuc Binh, Pham Minh Phuong, Trinh Thi Mai Dung

Date Received: 22-08-2012 / Date Accepted: 21-09-2012
The use of irrigation mat made from textile materials is a new research trend for hi-tech agriculture. This technology has been using in developed countries such as Germany and the Netherlands. This paper summarized the study results on the effects of irrigation mat KT2 and three types of substrates on the watering cycle, the required amount of water, the growth and quality of dwarf marigold. The study composed of three experiments. The experiments were conducted with six treatments using the random complete block (RCB) design in the nethouse from January to June 2011. The experimental results indicated the following advantages of using irrigation mats: limitation of water loss, an appropriate water amount based on the demand of plant, long moisture retention of the substrates, extended watering cycle, and reduced water requirement and labor as compared with control treatment (no irrigation mats). Growing the plants using the substrate No.3 (alluvial soil, cattle manure, sooked rice husk and coconut fiber with the ratio 1.5:1:1:0.5) in combination with irrigation mat and normal irrigation methods gave better results than the substrate number 1 (alluvial soil) and 2 (alluvial soil, cattle manure and burning rice husk with the ratio 3:1:1).
Effects of Different Salinity Levels of Irrigated Water on Growth, Yield and Proline Production of Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.) Grown on Salt-Affected Soil in Greenhouse

Nguyen Quoc Khuong, Cao Nguyen Nguyen Khanh, Ngo Ngoc Hung

Date Received: 27-12-2017 / Date Accepted: 09-10-2018
The objective of this study was to determine effect of salinity levels of irrigated water on growth, yield and proline production of rice varieties grown on saline-affected soil. A 5 x 4 factorial experiment including 5 rice varieties (Pokali - salt tolerant, IR28 - susceptible, OM5451, MTL547 and OM8017) and 4 salinity levels (0-control, 3, 4, và 5‰) was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in greenhouse. Results showed thatrice variety OM8017 gained the highest plant height, filled grain number per panicles, 1.000 grain weight, and rice yield, whereas rice variety MTL547 accumulated the highest proline production. Besides, saline irrigation water with a salt concentration of ≥3‰ decreased plant height, number of panicles, filled grain number per panicle, 1.000 grain weight, and rice yield. Rice yield was reduced by 20.0, 57.3 and 56.6% when irrigated with water containing 3, 4 and 5‰ salinity, respectively. Proline accumulation in rice stalk and sodium content in soil increased with increasing salinity levels.
Effect of Salt and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on Anatomical Structuresof Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.) Gaertn.

Nguyen Phuong Mai, Dinh Thai Hoang, Doan Thi Thanh Nhan, Ninh Thi Phip, Pham Thi Huyen Trang, Phung Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai

Date Received: 15-12-2021 / Date Accepted: 22-05-2023
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the anatomical structure of Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.) Gaertn. under saline condition, and the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in reducing the harmful effects of salinity on T. paniculatum.Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with 6 irrigation treatments (water (control); 4g AMF; 0.2% NaCl; 0.4% NaCl; 0.2% NaCl + 4g AMF;0.4% NaCl + 4g AMF). The result showed that salt stress has changed the anatomical structure of the stem, leaves, and roots of T. paniculatum. Irrigation with 0.2-0.4% NaCl solution reduced the size of all observation parameters, thereby reducing the absorption and transport of water and minerals in the plant. At a mild salinity level (0.2% NaCl irrigation), there were changes in anatomical structures such as decrease in density and size of stomata, increase in midrib thickness and stem diameter for plant adaptation. In addition, the anatomical changes with AMF addition help the plants exchange water favorably under normal condition and reduce the damage of salinity to the T. paniculatum.
Induced Resistance Potential of Penicillium citrinum CTND-2405 against anthracnose disease on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Nguyen Huu Tri, Nguyen Thi Thuy Dung, Tran Nghia Trinh Du, Nguyen Phuc Hau, Tran Thi Bich Quyen, Le Thanh Toan

Date Received: 26-02-2025 / Date Published: 21-03-2025
Rhizosphere fungi are known for their ability to antagonize plant pathogens, promote growth, and induce disease resistance in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Penicillium citrinum CTND-2405, isolated from rhizospheric soil, in inducing resistance on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp. Basil seeds were soaked for 4 hours in either a spore suspension of P. citrinum (106 cfu/ml) or sterile water, with or without artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum sp. Polyphenolic accumulation and fluorescence responses in leaf tissues were observed under a fluorescence microscope. In greenhouse experiments, five treatments were tested: seed soaking with P. citrinum spores, soaking in sterile water, additional spore applications at 3, 6, 9 days post-planting, and chemical fungicide applications. Results showed that seed soaking with P. citrinum followed by pathogen inoculation triggered earlier and stronger polyphenolic accumulation and fluorescence responses. Combining seed soaking with spore applications further reduced anthracnose incidence and severity, and disease control efficiency up to 59.92% compared with the control treatment.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/gdwbea62
Salt Tolerance of Rice Varieties at the Germination and Seedling Stages

Vu Thi Xuan Nhuong, Nguyen Thien Minh, Dang Huu Tri, Nguyen Chau Thanh Tung, Huynh Ky, Ngo Thuy Diem Trang

Date Received: 23-02-2022 / Date Accepted: 05-07-2022
The study was conducted to evaluate salinity tolerance of four rice varieties, OM5451, IR29, OM18 and MTL316 at germination and seedling stages in four NaCl salinity concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6‰. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in the net house. Irrigation with 4-6‰ salinity solutions (EC = 7.4-10.1mS/cm) reduced germination rate and growth characteristics of four rice varieties at the germination and seedling stages, respectively. The shoot and root fresh weight of salt-treatment derived young seedlings and seedlings of OM5451 reduced less than the other three rice varieties as compared to the control (untreated seedlings). Na+content was accumulated mainly in the shoots. The results indicated that OM5451 had higher salt tolerance than other three rice varieties at both germination and seedling stages.
Characteristics of Proteolytic Enzymes of Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain)Larvae and Crablets

Tran Nguyen Duy Khoa, Ly Thi Yen Mi, Le Quoc Viet, Cao My An, Do Thi Thanh Huong, Tran Ngoc Hai

Date Received: 25-12-2017 / Date Accepted: 09-05-2018
This study aimed to investigate the proteolytic enzyme activity of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) larvae and crablets. Samples of crab larvae fed live feed (artemia) were collected at various stages from Zoae-1 to Crab 1. Protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin activity were analysed during larval development stages. The results showed that protease and pepsin activity increased regularly (at 3,85 - 19,1 U/mg protein and 1,69 - 8,32 U/mg protein, respectively) during lavral stage while trypsin and chymotrypsin activity were low from Zoae-1 to Zoae-5, particularly strongly fluctuated at Zoae-5, Megalope, and Crab stage. The protein hydrolyzed enzymes (protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin) started with very low activities at the early stages (Zoae-1 to Zoae-3) and increased significantly from Zoae-5 to crablet stage when the digestive system of mud crab completely developed. The findings indicated that the proteolytic enzyme activities of mud crab varied during the stages of larval development.
Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Growth and Reproductive Characteristics of Artemia franciscana Vinh Chau

Duong Thi My Han, Nguyen Van Hoa, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh

Date Received: 20-08-2015 / Date Accepted: 22-01-2016
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels in formulated feeds on survival, growth and reproductive characteristics of Artemia franciscanaVinh Chau in laboratory conditions. Experiment consisted of 7 feeding treatments including of commercial shrimp feed No. 0 (control feed) and 6 formulated feeds containing 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% protein. The experimental process was divided into two phases (1) Communal culture,from day 0 until Artemiareachessexual maturity to determine survival and growth. (2) Individual culture,Artemiacouples were reared in 50-ml Falcon tubes to record their reproductive characteristics and life span. After 14 days of culture, survival of Artemiawas not affected by the feeding treatments, varying in the range of 87.2-95.4%; and the total length of Artemiaattainedbetween 7.00 and 8.04mm, of which the treatments from 25% to 35% protein had significantly higher values (P> 0.05) compared to other feeding treatments. The lifespan of Artemia females wassimilar among feeding treatments (44.6-48.6 days). The reproductive period, total brood number and total offspring per Artemiafemale in the 30 and 35% protein treatments were significantly higher (P> 0.05) than the control, 20% and 45% protein treatments. These results indicated that formulated feed containing 30 to35% protein could be suitable feed for growth and reproductive performance of Artemia franciscana.
Effect of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Growth and Anatomical Characteristics of Mondo grass (Ophiopogon JaponicusWall) underNon-irrigated Conditions at Ha Hoa District, Phu Tho Province

Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai, Nguyen Dinh Vinh, Nguyen Van Phu

Date Received: 24-06-2022 / Date Accepted: 27-09-2022
The study aimed to evaluate Mondo grass’s growth, productivity, and anatomical characteristics when fertilized with silicon under non-irrigated conditions. A two-factor experiment was conducted in Ha Hoa district, Phu Tho province according toa split-plot design on ferralic gray soil with 6 levels of silicon (0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60kg SiO2/ha/year) and 2 varieties of Mondo grass (G2 and G6). The results showed that under non-irrigated conditions, the growth of the G6 variety was better than that of G2. The supplemental application of silicon brought about better effect on Mondo grass, increasing the depth and width of the root system, and the leaf area and enhancing the tillering ability and dry matter accumulation. The change in the anatomical structure of Mondo grass leaves and roots increases the ability of the plant to absorb and conduct water better. On haplic acrisols, the level of fertilizer application of 30kg N + 30kg P2O5+ 30kg K2O + 40kgSiO2/ha was is considered suitable for Mondo grass. At this level, the yield of Mondo grass was the highest (at 3.7 tons/ha), an increase by 27.6% compared to the non-silicon treatment. Therefore, the use of silicon supplements is recommended to reduce the harmful effects of water shortage on the growth and development of Mondo grass.
Effects of Concentration and Timing of Foliar Application of Phenylalanine on the Growth, Yield and Curcumin Content in Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.)

Bui Thi Cam Huong, Luu Thai Danh, Le Vinh Thuc

Date Received: 05-04-2017 / Date Accepted: 17-07-2017
The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors, factor A consisted of 4 levels of phenylalanine (0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm), factor B consisted of5 times the phenylalanine treatment (90, 120 150, 180 and 210 days after planting - DAP), and3 replications with3 pots/replication. The results showed that phenylalanine did not affect the growth of turmeric such as number of tillers per clump, number of leaves per clump, number of leaves in main tiller, height of pseudostem, leaf length and leaf breadth. However, the difference in clump weight and content of curcumin was statistically significant at 1%. Treatment at120 DAP resulted inhighest clump weight and content of curcumin(198.7 g/clump and 11.23%,respectively). The clump weight and curcumin contents in the 100 ppm phenylalanine treatment were higher than other concentrations(211.5 g/clump and 12.26%, respectively). Phenylalanine application at120 DAP with the concentration of 100ppm yieldedthe highest clump weight and content of curcumin (279.6 g/clump and 12.4%, respectively) as compared with the remaining treatment groups.
Effects of the Levels of Setaria Grass (Setaria sphacelata) and Sweet Potato Vines (Ipomoea batatas)in the Diet on Feed Utilization and Performance of Growing New Zealand White Rabbits

Nguyen Xuan Trach, Nguyen Van Dat, Nguyen Thi Duong Huyen, Nguyen Ngoc Bang

Date Received: 15-01-2015 / Date Accepted: 18-04-2015
Một thí nghiệm nuôi dưỡng được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của tỷ lệ xơ và protein trong thức ăn thu nhận đến khả năng sử dụng thức ăn và sinh trưởng của thỏ nhậpnội. Tổng số 30 thỏ đực New Zealand 1,5 tháng tuổi được phân ngẫu nhiên đều vào 5 lô. Khẩu phần ăn gồm có thóc tẻ (2% khối lượng cơ thể) và thức ăn xanh cho ăn tự do, trong đó cỏ setaria (Setaria sphacelata)lần lượt được thay thế ở mức 0, 25, 50, 75 và 100% bằng rau lang (Ipomoea batatas)để tạo ra các tỷ lệ xơ và protein khác nhau trong khẩu phần. Kết quả cho thấy rằng thay thế đến 75% cỏ setaria giàu xơ trong khẩu phần bằng rau lang giàu protein đã làm tăng hàm lượng protein, giảm hàm lượng xơ, tăng lượng thu nhận vật chất khô (VCK) và protein, tăng tỷ lệ tiêu hoá của khẩu phần và do đó thỏ có tăng khối lượng cao hơn, đồng nghĩagiảm tiêu tốn VCK của thức ăn cho mỗi đơn vị tăng khối lượng (FCR). Tuy nhiên, khi mức rau lang quá cao (100%) thì tăng khối lượng của thỏ cũng không tăng tiếp. Việcthay đổitỷ lệ cỏ setaria và rau lang không có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến đến tỷ lệ các phần trong cơ thể và thân thịt của thỏ. Điều đó chứng tỏ khẩu phần cho thỏ New Zealand cần đảm bảo được có tối thiểu khoảng 16% CP và 40% NDF trong tổng VCK thu nhận.
Effects of Proportionof Paragrass(Brachiaria mutica) and Gigantea leaves(Trichanthera gigantea)in the Diet on Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits

Nguyen Xuan Trach, Nguyen Thi Duong Huyen, Nguyen Van Dat, Nguyen Ngoc Bang

Date Received: 15-01-2015 / Date Accepted: 18-04-2015
A feeding trial was carried out to determine effects of proportion ofPara grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Gigantea leaves (Trichanthera gigantea)in the diet on feed utilization and growth performance of exotic rabbits. A total of 30 New Zealand White rabbits at 1.5 months of age were randomly divided into 5 groups to be fed diets in which 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% Para grass was replaced with Gigantea leaves. Results showed that inclusion of Gigantea leaves in the diet to replace Para grass improved feed intake and growth without significantly affecting the carcass composition of the rabbit. It wassuggested that Gigantea leaves can be used as a sole source of green foliage in the diet for this type of animal. However, there should be further investigation with diets in which higher levels of protein (>16% CP) and lower level of fiber (<42% NDF) to determine protein and fiber requirements in the diet of growing New Zealand White rabbits.
Effect of Salt and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth, Physiology and Content of Active Compounds of Talinum paniculatum(Jacq)

Nguyen Phuong Mai, Dinh Thai Hoang, Doan Thi Thanh Nhan, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai

Date Received: 21-12-2021 / Date Accepted: 22-05-2023
Talinum paniculatum(Jacq) is a medicinal plant with high medicinal value, but information about it is still lacking.Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomize design with 6 irrigation treatments (water (control); 4 g (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)AMF; 0.2% NaCl; 0.4% NaCl; 0.2% NaCl +AMF, 0.4% NaCl +AMF).Results showed that salt stress significantly reduced the length of roots, leaves, dry matter accumulation and physiological parameters, but increased the content of active substances (saponins and total flavonoids) in T. paniculatumplant.Watering with 0.2 to 0.4% NaCl reduced physiological parameters of plants such as water saturation deficiency, ion leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence efficiency, andSPADindex. Addition of AMF improved growth and physiological parameters of T. paniculatumplants, reduced damage during salinization and helped plants to recover after salt stress.
Effects of Postharvest Treatment on the Quality of Bac Kan Mandarin

Vu Thi Kim Oanh, Pham Thi Thao

Date Received: 02-03-2021 / Date Accepted: 12-04-2021
Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)belongs to the citrus fruit family, has a high risk of damage due to contamination on fruit shells, the peel is crispy and easy to crush. This study aimed to identify the suitable postharvest treatment to prolong storage shelf-lifeof Bac Kan mandarin. The mandarin fruits were treated with 4 treatments: (i) distilled water washing (control); (ii) fruit treated with lime 1% on the stem; (iii) fruit washed with ozone solution on the skin; (iv) fruit dipped in ethanol 70% on the skin. The results showed that the treatment mode on ozone and ethanol gave higher quality mandarin when compared to other treatments. Especially, the ozone treatment gave the most effective in prolonging shelf-life of ‘Bac Kan’ mandarin, reach 33 days storage in low temperature (6±1C) and LDPE film packaging with the decay rate of the fruit is very low (4,2%).
Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Co Lung Ducks

Do Ngoc Ha, Nguyen Ba Mui

Date Received: 14-05-2018 / Date Accepted: 12-07-2018
The study was carried out on Co Lung ducks from one day of age to 11 weeks of age in Thanh Hoa province in order to evaluate the carcass yield and meat quality. The results showed that at 9, 10 and 11 weeks of age the dressing percentage was 67.97,68.31 and 69.73%;the leg percentage was 12.24,12.98,and 12.95%, and the breast percentage was 12.06,12.94,and 12.96%, respectively.When the slaughter ageincreased, the loss of leg and breast weight during storage period and after cooking decreased while the toughnessincreased. The value of pH15 ranged from 5.82 to 6.35, pH24 ranged from 5.60 to 6.10. The meat color (L*) ranged from 42.80 to 46.74 while leg muscle was darker than breast muscle. Dry matter content of meat ranged from 23.01 to 24.46%, total mineral content from 1.23 to 1.32%, crude lipid content from 1.86 to 2.18%, and crude protein content from 18.61 to 20.41%. Co Lung duck meat contained a well-balanced array of amino acids,especially, essential amino acidswhich were higherat 10 weeks of age in comparison with 9 weeks of age.
Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Ratio of [BBB × F1(BBB × Lai Sind)] Crossbred Calvesfrom 6 to 12 Months of Age Raised in Hanoi

Tran Bich Phuong, Nguyen Thi Vinh, Nguyen Thi Nguyet

Date Received: 14-12-2020 / Date Accepted: 30-08-2021
The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of [BBB ×F1(BBB × Lai Sind)] crossbred calves raised in farm condition in Ba Vi district, Hanoi city, Vietnam. A total of 20 animals iconsisting of 10 male and 10 female calves from 6 to 12 months of age were used in this study. Calves were kept in individualy and fed a mixture of forage and concentrate. The results showed that [BBB ×F1(BBB ×Lai Sind)] crossbred calves grew well with good feed efficiency in farm conditions. Calves weighed 198.9 kg and 356.05 kg at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) in the period of 6-12 months of age was 873.05 g/head/day. Feed conversion ratio in the period of 6-12 months was 8.55 kg DM/kg. Gender affected body weight, ADG, and FCR (P<0.05). The male calves had higher body weight, ADG and lower FCR as compared to female calves.
Grow-Out Oyster Crassostrea belcherifrom Different Seed Sourcesin the Mangrove Forest Canal in Ca Mau Province

Ngo Thi Thu Thao, Tran Cam Loan

Date Received: 19-01-2018 / Date Accepted: 02-04-2018
The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth, survival rate, yield and quality of the oysters with seeds originated from Ben Tre, Tra Vinh and Ca Mau provinces. Oysters were cultured in the canal at Dam Doi district, Ca Mau province. Oysters with initial shell length of 8-9 cm were cultured in the net frame with a density of 140 individuals/m2. After 7 months of culture, the survival rate of Ca Mau oysters was higher than that of Ben Tre and Tra Vinh but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Ca Mau oysters reached highest shell length (120.20 ± 0.71 mm), total weight (147.37 ± 1.62 g) and productivity (22.62 ± 0.33 kg/m2) and there were significant difference with oysters originated from Ben Tre and Tra Vinh (p < 0.05). Quality evaluation of oysters showed that the appearance of shell, deliciousness of flesh oysters were not significantly different among oyster sources (p>0.05). Oysters derived from Ben Tre and Tra Vinh provinces can be cultured successfully in canal at Dam Doi district, Ca Mau province. The findings from this study are helpful for aquaculture practices in order to supply oyster seeds from the places that have spat collectors for oyster culture activities in Ca Mau province if neccessary.
Enrichment of Protein inCassava Residuesby Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

Duong Thu Huong, Pham Kim Dang, Tran Hiep, Ngo Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Thi Nguyet, Vu Van Hanh

Date Received: 06-03-2018 / Date Accepted: 08-05-2018
The aim of study was to improve the nutritional quality of cassava residues by means of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Cassava residues were mixed with water at the rate of 30% and saccharification was carried out with crude enzymes (α-amylase, glucoamylase, cellulase) at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%). After 24 hours, at 8 and 10% crude enzymes, the reducing sugar was highest while the starch and crude fiber content were lowest. Simultaneous saccharification and liquid fermentationof cassava residues were conducted in 3L fermenters supplemented with 8% enzyme, 1% (NH4)2SO4and S. cerevisiae, Lactobacillus sp., and Bacillus sp. (107cfu/ml of each) at room temperature. After 48 hours fermentation the crude protein increased by 7.3 times and real protein increased by 5.5 times compared with unfermented cassava residues, while HCN decreased to 20.54 mg/kg, organic acid increased by 5.9 times, pH value was 3.7. The fermented product had good flavor, slight acidity and no aflatoxin.
Some Epidemiological Characteristicsof Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection in Pig in Thai Nguyen Province

La Van Cong, Do Thi Lan Phuong, Nguyen Van Tho

Date Received: 23-03-2015 / Date Accepted: 19-06-2015
An epidemiological study on 3,600 pigs in three districs,Vo Nhai, Phu Luong and Dong Hy,of Thai Nguyen province was carried out from 2010 to 2013. Five species of nematode were detectedin the intestines of pigs. viz.: Gnathostoma doloresi, Ascaris suum, Trichocephalus suis, Strongyloides ransomi andOesophagostomum dentatum.The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infections was 68.16%with 82.75% beingfound in pigs from 3 to 6 months of age, followed by pigs over 6 months old (72.25%) and lowest in less than 2 month-oldpigs (49.50%). The prevalence was found highest in mountainousarea (75.50%). The prevalence in summer-autum and winter-spring were 72.00% and 64.33%, respecvely. The highest prevalence was found in free - roaming pigs (96.25%) and the lowest in pigs kept inpens (30.75%).
Effects of Dietary Tannin on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Crossbred F1 (Ho × Luong Phuong) Chickens

Han Quang Hanh, Ha Xuan Bo, Le Van Khoa, Nguyen Thi Tho, Do Duc Luc

Date Received: 07-02-2025 / Date Published: 21-02-2025
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing tannin in the diet on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of Ho x Luong Phuong hybrid chickens from the birth to 15 weeks of age. The experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture from October 2022 to January 2023. A total of 120 chickens (60 males and 60 females) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, including treatment 1 (CT1: 0.3g of tannin/kg feed), treatment 2 (CT2: 0.5g of tannin/kg feed), positive control (CT3: 1g Tylosin/kg feed), and negative control (CT4: 0g of tannin and 0g Tylosin). Experiments were carried out from one day old to 15 weeks of age of chickens. The results showed that in comparison with the negative and positive control, the supplementation of tannin in the diets (treatment 1 and 2) increased the body weights at 15 weeks of age by 20.47 to 24.14% and reduced FCR by 0.69 and 0.73kg, respectively. Adding tannin to the diet of crossbred chickens Ho x Luong Phuong could improve growth performance and feed utilization efficiency.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/24mvy557
Effects of Polymorphism of PIT1, H-FABP, PIK3C3 and CAST Genes on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Vietnamese Native Pig (Pot-bellied Pig)

Phan Thi Tuoi, Tran Xuan Manh, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Thai Anh, Nguyen Hoang Thinh, Do Duc Luc

Date Received: 06-02-2023 / Date Accepted: 27-03-2023
The aims of study were to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenesand gender on carcass traits and meat quality of Vietnamese native pot-bellied pigs raised at DABACO Breeding Pig Company, Phu Tho Province, Vietnam. At 8 months of age, 23pigs (12 gilts and 11 barrows) were slaughtered to measure carcass traits (live body weight, hot carcass weight, killingout percentage, dress carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass length, backfat thickness at the vertebra prominensC7 and the last lumbar vertebra L5) and meat quality (pH value of longissimus dorsimuscleat 45 minutes (pH45) and 24 hours post mortem(pH24), drip loss percentage, cooking loss percentage, L* (lightness), a* (redness) và b* (yellowness), shear force at 24h post mortem). The polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenes were identified by PCR-RFLP technique. The results indicated that backfat thickness and L* of longissimus dorsimusclewere higherthan those in barrows(P<0.05). The polymorphisms of PIT1/RasI, H-FABP/HinfI, PIK3C3/Hpy8IandCAST/HinfIgenes did not affect carcass traits and meat quality of the nativepigs.
Effects of Mineral Supplementation in Feed on the Reproductive Efficiency of Black Apple Snail (Pila polita Deshayes, 1830)

Le Van Bình, Tran Nguyen Duy Khoa, Ngo Thi Thu Thao

Date Received: 19-03-2025 / Date Published: 21-03-2025
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mineral supplementation in feed on the reproductive efficiency of black apple snail (Pila polita) during maturity cultivation. Snail broodstocks (height: 37.5 - 42.6 mm/ind; equivalent to 75 days of age) were reared in the tarpaulin tanks (1 × 1 × 1m) at a density of 60 ind./tank (the ratio of male: female was 1: 1). The food was supplemented with Pro Mix minerals at five different levels: (1) Control without Pro Mix supplementation (No.Mi-F); (2) 3% minerals (Mi3-F); (3) 5% minerals (Mi5-F); (4) 7% minerals (Mi7-F) and (5) 9% minerals (Mi9-F). After 120 days of culture, the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of snails was highest in Mi5-F (6.50% in female; 14.1% in male) and significantly different (P <0.05) compared to No.Mi-F (3.66%; 6.10%). In Mi7-F treatment, the broodstocks showed spawning frequency of 1.00 clutch/week/m2 and a fecundity of 0.53 clutch/female, followed by Mi5-F (0.92 clutch/week/m2; 0.49 clutch/female) and were different (P <0.05) from the No.Mi-F treatment (0.65 clutch/week/m2; 0.35 clutch/female). The study results indicated that the addition of Pro Mix to feed at a level of 5% minerals significantly enhanced GSI and the reproductive efficiency of the black apple snails.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/r6067r67
Factors Affecting Women's Empowerment in Agricultural Production in the Mekong River Delta

Cao Minh Tuan, Vo Thi Anh Nguyet, Thach Keo Sa Rate

Date Received: 26-02-2025 / Date Published: 21-03-2025
This study analyzes women's empowerment in agricultural production in the Mekong River Delta and the factors influencing its extent. The Abbreviated Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI) is used to measure empowerment levels, while the Tobit model identifies influencing factors. Structured interviewing wasn applied to collect data from 365 households across four provinces (Ca Mau, Can Tho, Kien Giang, and Vinh Long). The findings reveal that while 72.9% of women achieved empowerment in agricultural production, significant disparities existed in accessing financial resources and leadership opportunities. The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture index had an average score of 0.83. A Tobit regression model identified key factors influencing women's empowerment, including age, Internet access, participation in training programs, and household land area. The study underscores the need for targeted policies to enhance women's empowerment in agricultural production in the region.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/yve4jb79
A Survey on Estrogen and Progesterone Levels in Pyometra-infected Female Dogs at Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City

Dang Thanh Son, Truong Phuc Vinh, Diep Truong Khang

Date Received: 18-04-2017 / Date Accepted: 26-08-2017
The research was conducted on 42 female dogs/bitches infected with pyometra. The results showed that the symptom appearing as abdominal enlargementwas (66.6%), followed by vaginal discharge (57.1%), fever (47.6%), poor feed ingestion (42.8%), polyuria (38.1%), and polydipsia (28.6%). The estrogen and progesterone levels in the diseased bitches were 12.47 ±8.95 pg/ml and 1.98 ±1.18 ng/ml,respectively. Thebitches in the anestrus had estrogen concentrations at 7.96 ±2.75 pg/ml and progesterone at 0.90 ±0.29 ng/mlwhereas thebitches at 8 - 10 week after parturition had estrogen and progesterone levels in average of 7.58 ±2.48 pg/ml and 1.10 ±0.54 ng/ml, respectively. Imported bitches often had pyometra higher infection (54.8%) than domestic bitches (45.2%). Bitches that have experienced a contraceptive injection (61.9%) had a higher infectionrate than those without contraception (38.1%). The rate of pyometra increased with age and bitches which had never given parturition had the highest infection rate,accountingfor 59.5%.
Intake, Digestibility and Feed Conversion of Some Protein-Rich Forages in New Zealand White Rabbits

Nguyen Van Dat, Tran Hiep, Nguyen Xuan Trach

Date Received: 06-01-2015 / Date Accepted: 18-04-2015
Afeeding trial was carried out to evaluate feed intake, digestibility and feed utilisation of some protein-rich forages by New Zealand White growing rabbits. A total of 24 growingmale rabbits at 8 weeks of age (1.53± 0,13 kg) wereused for a 4x4 latin square experiment repeated twice, using 4 feeds (Trichanthera gigantea, Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea batatas and concentrate pellet) in 4 experimental periods (each period lasted 14 days with 7 first days for adaptation and 7 last days for data collection). Results show that the protein-rich forages were ingested in equal amount(5.66-5.87%BW), buthigher than that of the concentrate pellet (5.27%BW). The highest intakes of ME and CPwere the concentrate pellet and Ipomoea aquatica, respectively. Digestibility was also highest for concentrate pellet, followed by Ipomoea aquatica, Trichanthera gigantea and Ipomoea batatas. Among the protein-rich forages, Trichanthera gigantea gave the highest ADG (23.5g) and and best FCR (4.6 kg DM/kg weight gain), Ipomoea aquatic andIpomoea batatasgave similar ADGs (20g) and FCRs (5.1-5.2 kg DM/kg weight gain).
Effects of Levels of Energy, Protein and Fiber in the Diet on Growth and Feed Conversion Efficiency in New Zealand White Growing Rabbits

Nguyen Van Dat, Tran Hiep, Nguyen Xuan Trach

Date Received: 24-04-2014 / Date Accepted: 27-06-2014
An experiment was conducted to investigate effects of levels of energy, protein and fiber in the diet on growth and feed conversion efficiency in New Zealand White growing rabbits fed with green forages available in North Vietnam. A total of 125 growing rabbits at 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 25 groups of 5 each to be fed with diets containing different levels of energy, protein and fiber by means of varying the ratio between fiber rich grasses (elephant, setaria or para grass) and protein rich foliages (water spinach vine, sweet potato vine or gigantea leaves) in the basal diets. Results of regression analyses on nutrient-response curves showed that the levels of energy, protein and fiber in the diet strongly affected growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of the rabbit. It was suggested that a diet using local feed resources for New Zealand White growing rabbits should contain 2106-2162 Kcal ME/kg, 16.52-16.75% CP, and 21.86-22.42% ADF in its dry matter.

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