Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is an important pest of numerous fruit vegetable crops and can rapidly develop resistance under prolonged pesticide selection pressure. This study evaluated the current resistance status of T. urticae populations collected from French bean, cucumber, eggplant (Solanum melongena), and purple eggplant in the Red River Delta of Vietnam against six acaricidal active ingredients. Ten T. urticae populations were collected and their susceptibility was assessed using laboratory bioassays. LC50 values and resistance ratios (RRs) were estimated using probit analysis. The results revealed substantial variation in resistance levels among active ingredients and populations. Chlorpyrifos-methyl exhibited the highest resistance levels, with RRs ranging from 66.334 to 211.474, while bifenthrin also showed high resistance in several populations (RR = 52.349-94.760). Pyridaben and abamectin exhibited high resistance only in some populations, with maximum RRs of 96.328 and 127.869, respectively. In contrast, all populations showed low resistance to cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen (RR < 10). The efficacy of chlorpyrifos-methyl and bifenthrin was substantially reduced in several populations, whereas cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen retained relatively high efficacy. These findings provide a scientific basis for resistance monitoring, acaricide selection, and the development of rotation strategies to improve the management of T. urticae.

This study aimed to supplement new taro genetic resources for breeding programmes. Thirty newly collected taro accessions and the check variety KS5 were evaluated based on 14 quantitative traits, one taro leaf blight resistance trait and six quality traits. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2024 at Hanoi. Correlation analysis showed that total yield had strong positive correlations (P

Mac pup (Ficus pumila L.), belonging to the Moraceae family, is a medicinal plant species that grows naturally in many regions of Vietnam, including Cao Bang Province. This study aims to provide a comprehensive morphological description of F. pumila to establish a database for its identification and to exploit its values within the province. The research was conducted following the comparative morphological method of Nguyen Nghia Thin (2007). Results indicate that F. pumila is an evergreen woody vine characterized by the presence of milky white latex throughout the plant. Adventitious roots for climbing are formed at the nodes of the stem. The species exhibits pronounced dimorphism. Sterile branches bear small leaves with very short petioles, which are ovate-subcordate and asymmetrical at the base, often resembling snail scales. In contrast, fertile branches produce larger leaves with distinct petioles and ovate-elliptic to oblong blades. The venation system is prominent on the lower surface, forming a honeycomblike network with 3-5 pairs of secondary veins. The plant possesses bud-like, caducous stipules that fall off early. The inflorescence is a syconium, which develops into a globose, pyriform, or cylindrical false fruit; these are green when young and turn pale yellow or violet-purple upon ripening. The species is functionally dioecious; male syconia contain both male flowers and gall flowers, whereas female syconia contain only female flowers. The true fruits are achenes, which become mucilaginous when wet.

This study aimed to determine a suitable nitrogen rate and planting density for the anthocyanin-rich cherry tomato VNUA38 in the Red River Delta. A split-plot experiment with three replications combined five nitrogen rates (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200kg N/ha) and five planting densities (70cm between rows; 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60cm between plants, i.e. 23,810-35,714 plants/ha) in the 2024 autumn-winter and 2025 spring seasons at Gia Lam, Hanoi. Planting density significantly affected harvested yield in both seasons, which was highest at 45-50cm spacing and lowest at 60cm, while 200kg N/ha reduced yield per plant in autumn-winter. Treatment P4M3 (170kg N/ha, 70 × 50cm) gave the highest harvested yield in both seasons (27.31 and 23.46 t/ha). Total anthocyanin content remained stable at 4.66-4.75 mg/100g fresh weight and was not affected by nitrogen rate or planting density. P4M3 is proposed as the basis for the cultivation protocol of VNUA38 in the Red River Delta.

The study was conducted during 2023-2025 to evaluate the resistance of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), infesting green onion in Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hung Yen, and Bac Nninh to four commonly used insecticides Laboratory bioassays were conducted using the leaf dip method with insecticides containing chlorantraniliprole (Prevathon® 5SC), chlorfenapyr (Chlorferan 240SC), emamectin benzoate (Tasieu 5WG) and spinosad (Akasa 25SC). The results showed that S. exigua populations from all four provinces exhibited very low or low resistance to chlorfenapyr and spinosad. S. exigua population from Hai Phong exhibited high resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR = 62.43), the Hung Yen population showed moderate to high resistance (RR = 49.56), the Hanoi population exhibited moderate resistance (RR = 25.91), whereas the Bac Ninh population showed very low resistance (RR = 9.94). For emamectin benzoate, the Hung Yen population exhibited moderate to high resistance (RR = 47.83), the Hai Phong population showed moderate resistance (RR = 41.30), while the Bac Ninh and the Hanoi populations exhibited low resistance, with resistance ratios of 13.00 and 17.47, respectively. These findings provide a basis for recommending reduced use of insecticides containing chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate or their rotation with alternative insecticides, such as spinosad, to improve pest control efficacy while delaying resistance development in S. exigua populations.

This study was conducted to describe the clinical characteristics of dogs with dermatitis and to pilot-monitor changes in pruritus severity following oclacitinib administration at a companion animal clinic in Hanoi. Among 193 dogs examined between June and August 2024, 57 cases (29.53%) were diagnosed with dermatitis. Pruritus was the most common clinical sign (80.70%), followed by erythematous papules with scaling/crusting (59.65%) and pustules (40.35%). Routine diagnostic tests indicated that suspected bacterial (42.11%) and fungal (38.60%) etiologies were the most frequently identified categories. Twelve dogs presenting with pruritus were subsequently monitored using a six-point ordinal pruritus scale (0-5) following oclacitinib administration. The median baseline pruritus score was 3.5, with a Min-Max range of 2-5, decreasing to 2 (1-3) at 4 hours (padj = 0.003) and further declining to 1 (0-2) at 72 hours (padj = 0.001). These preliminary findings demonstrate a reduction in pruritus severity following oclacitinib administration in this pilot cohort of 12 dogs. However, larger randomized controlled clinical trials are required to comprehensively evaluate its therapeutic efficacy.

This study was conducted to assess the environmental quality in the Long Dinh mat-weaving craft village in Long Dinh commune, Dong Thap province, Vietnam. Data were collected through field surveys, environmental sampling, and community questionnaires. The results indicate that surface water in the craft village is polluted, with BOD5, COD, TSS, and Coliform concentrations exceeding permissible standards, resulting in water discoloration, unpleasant odors, and algal blooms. Air quality in the area is affected by dust from transportation activities and noise generated by production processes, which may negatively impact residents’ health. The solid waste management system in the village remains inadequate; some households still burn or bury waste in their gardens, and several informal dumping sites have been observed within the area. Survey results show that 89% of residents regularly seek environmental information, and 83% support the establishment of a community-based environmental self-management group. Based on these findings, the study proposes several community-based environmental management models to improve environmental quality and promote the sustainable development of the craft village.

This study examined the impact of external environmental factors on the control environment of small and medium enterprises in the trade and service sector in Hanoi. Using survey data collected from 265 small and medium enterprises, the study applied Cronbach’s Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and multiple linear regression to test the proposed research model. The results indicated that standards and practices, the legal and regulatory environment, and the economic-competitive environment positively influenced the control environment, with standards and practices exerting the strongest effect. The findings contribute empirical evidence on the role of external environmental factors in shaping the control environment and provide managerial implications for enhancing internal control quality in small and medium enterprises.

The off-trade production and distribution of bottled craft beer through restaurant chains represent a distinctive and innovative strategy that opens new growth potential for domestic craft beer producers. This study examines the factors influencing consumers’ choice of craft beer within this specific segment. Data were collected from 287 valid survey responses using a non-probability sampling method and applying Shortened Food Choice Questionnaire (SFCQ). A restricted regression model was derived through combining Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and finally, Probit regression. The results indicate that male gender, high-school education level, and consumers’ perceptions of product attributes are statistically significant and positively associated with the likelihood of bottled craft beer consumption. The direction of the income effect remains inconclusive, except for a negative influence observed among the lower-middle-income group. These findings assist craft beer enterprises in precisely identifying their target customers and in formulating marketing and communication strategies that effectively convey the distinctive value of bottled craft beer and enhance consumers’ experiential engagement-both across the restaurant chain and among mainstream customers within the defined segment.

In the context of severe information asymmetry in the food market, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has emerged as a crucial tool widely utilized on online platforms to mitigate consumers' perceived risks. This study explored the impact of eWOM components on the purchase intention of OCOP-labeled processed food-a distinctive type of credence goods in Vietnam. Applying the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with data collected from 404 consumer surveys in Hanoi, the estimation results indicate that source credibility, information quantity, and information quality positively affected brand awareness and consumer trust. Notably, the study revealed a gap in the underlying mechanism: information quality does not directly foster consumer trust; instead, consumer trust was strongly reinforced by source credibility. Both brand awareness and trust played pivotal mediating roles leading to purchase intention. These findings offer significant managerial implications for OCOP entities in designing digital marketing strategies, emphasizing the construction of social proof through credible sources rather than solely focusing on pure information content.

This study examined the current state of digital transformation among agricultural cooperatives in Son La Province, Vietnam. In addition to secondary data, the study conducted a survey of 124 cooperatives and representatives of state management agencies. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and synthesis methods. The results showed that agricultural cooperatives in Son La had a relatively high level of readiness for digital transformation, with 86% of cooperatives expressing a need for and willingness to undertake digital transformation. However, actual implementation remained limited, and uneven, as most cooperatives had only adopted isolated digital technologies without data integration. The study identified five main barriers: a shortage of digital human resources and limited management capacity; difficulties in data standardization and process digitalization; constrained financial capacity; uneven digital infrastructure; and inadequate cold storage and logistics facilities. Based on these findings, the study proposes two groups of solutions to promote digital transformation in agricultural cooperatives in the coming period.

In aquaculture practice and many scientific publications in Vietnam, the commonly cultured cupped oyster is often referred to as the milky oyster or Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. However, this designation may not accurately reflect the identity of the cultured populations. This review synthesizes and organizes taxonomic, seed-origin, and molecular-identification evidence to clarify the appropriate scientific name for the commonly cultured cupped oyster in Vietnam. The evidence indicates that: (i) C. angulata and C. gigas are morphologically similar but can be distinguished using molecular markers; (ii) oyster populations examined in Taiwan and southern China, regions associated with seed sources introduced into Vietnam, were identified as C. angulata; and (iii) cultured oysters analyzed from Quang Ninh and Hai Phong in the 2017 study, and from Quang Ninh, Khanh Hoa, and Vung Tau in the 2025 study, were all identified as C. angulata based on mtCOI data. Accordingly, we propose the use of C. angulata for the commonly cultured cupped oyster in Vietnam; under the currently accepted taxonomy, Magallana angulata may be used in scientific publications. The contribution of this review is the synthesis and hierarchical evaluation of existing evidence to resolve inconsistent species identification and support standardized scientific nomenclature for this cultured oyster.

In the context of agricultural restructuring towards higher value addition and sustainable development, the application of high technology has become an inevitable requirement for the coffee sector, a key export commodity of Vietnam. This paper aims to examine and clarify the theoretical and practical foundations for promoting the application of high technology in coffee production and business cooperatives. The study employs a literature review approach, combined with analysis and synthesis of secondary data sources. The results clarify the key contents related to promoting application of high technology in coffee cooperatives, including policy improvement, awareness raising, human resource development, financial support, strengthening value chain linkages, and monitoring and evaluation of the application process. The study also identifies that the promotion of high-technology application is influenced by three main groups of factors, including institutional orientation, driving forces and enabling conditions. Institutional, resource, and organizational capacity constraints remain significant barriers in practice. Based on this synthesis, the paper draws lessons learned to promote the application of high technology in coffee production and business cooperatives.

Rural tourism is emerging as an important development pathway in Vietnam, contributing to the effective use of local values, livelihood diversification, and improved service quality at rural destinations. In this context, human resources play a pivotal role in the organization and operation of tourism activities and in the sustainable provision of services. This article addresses three main areas: (i) systematizing the theoretical foundations, characteristics, and key dimensions of human resource development in rural tourism; (ii) identifying influencing factors and synthesizing experiences from several Asian countries and localities in Vietnam; and (iii) formulating implications for human resource development in the context of digital transformation and sustainable development. The findings indicate that rural tourism workers often combine tourism-related work with other occupations and remain closely linked to households, agricultural livelihoods, and local knowledge. Human resource development should simultaneously address quantitative expansion, structural adjustment, and quality improvement, in line with seasonality and destination-specific requirements. Training should be differentiated by stakeholder group, practice-oriented, and accompanied by post-training support. This process requires coordination among local authorities and training institutions, tourism enterprises, cooperatives, and local communities to enhance service quality, increase benefits for local residents, and support the sustainable development of rural tourism.