Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences

This study aimed to identify the genes responsible for rice grain pericarp color (Kala1, Kala3, Kala4, and Rc) and evaluate agronomic characteristics to support the development of colored rice varieties with short growth duration, high yield, and good quality. The experiment to evaluate the agrobiological characteristics, yield of the colored rice materials was arranged according to the group survey method, sequentially without repetition, the method of evaluating the indicators according to the IRRI (2013). Determination of the presence of four genes Kala1, Kala3, Kala4 and Rc was performed by PCR reaction with four SSR markers according to the method of Gu et al. (2011) and McCouch et al. (2002). The growth duration of the studied rice varieties ranged from 109-120 days (2023 Summer season) and 112-125 days (2024 Spring season). Varieties grown during 2023 Autumn season exhibited superior growth and yield compared to those in the 2024 Spring season. Additionally, the study identified the presence of the Kala1, Kala3, Kala4, and Rc genes in pericarp color. Rice samples with dark black pericarps carried all four genes, while samples with dark brown pericarps lacked one or two genes. In contrast, white rice samples (BT7 control) carried only the Rc gene and lacked Kala1, Kala3 and Kala4. Notably, promising varieties such as LM11, LM15, LM7 and LM5 demonstrated superior agronomic traits, high yields, and the presence of all four genes associated with pericarp pigmentation. The findings of this study pave the way for further research into the genetic mechanisms governing rice pericarp color, supporting the breeding of colored rice varieties with high anthocyanin content.

This study was carried out to evaluate agronomic characteristics and determine target genes of two-line hybrid rice parental lines. The experiments of parental lines evaluation and molecular markers using were conducted at the Vietnam National University of Agriculture. The evaluation results showed that the parental lines had a short growth duration. The plant height of the male lines was average whilethe female lines were dwarf. Most of the parental lines were slightly susceptible to brown planthopper, leaf blight and blast. The parental lines had suitable stem structures and sexuality for breeding high yielding two-line hybrid, such as many internodes/stem, large basalt internode diameter and large panicle neck diameter. There were four lines carrying the wide compatibility gene (S5n), five lines carrying the brown planthopper resistance gene Bph3; four lines carrying the Bph9 planthopper resistance gene, seven lines carrying the Xa7 leaf blight resistance gene and eight lines carrying the Pi3 blast resistance gene. The male line K50 carried 04 target genes: wide compatibility, resistance to brown planthoppers, bacterial leaf blight and rice blast. The male line K52 carried 3 genes: wide compatibility, resistance to brown planthoppers and rice blast. The female line 297S carried 3 genes: wide compatibility, resistance to bacterial leaf blight and rice blast. This is a valuable material genetics for breeding high yield two-line hybrid rice varieties in Vietnam

Rabies is a dangerous infectious disease with a nearly 100% fatality rate. Veterinary students at the Vietnam National University of Agriculture, particularly those who are raising dogs and/or cats, are at high risk of exposure due to frequent contact with animals. This study was conducted to assess students’ levels of exposure, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies prevention in this group of students, while also examining the influence of gender on these aspects. This survey found that 82.71% had been bitten or scratched by dogs or cats, indicating a significant risk of exposure. Overall assessment results showed that 55.6% of students scored in the “Good” range (9-11 points), 34.1% in the “Moderate” range (7-8 points), and 10.3% in the “Low” range (0-6 points), reflecting a generally solid foundation in rabies-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between male and female students in these aspects. However, the findings also revealed that post-exposure wound care skills were still limited, highlighting the need to strengthen practical training to help students prevent rabies and improve their ability to respond effectively in real-world veterinary settings.

This study assessed the infectivity and disease progression of African swine fever virus (ASFV) through a natural transmission model between pigs directly inoculated via intranasal instillation and contact pigs. The results showed that inoculated pigs exhibited clinical signs from 3–4 days post-inoculation (dpi), including high fever (>40°C), lethargy, anorexia, and mortality between 6–9 dpi. Contact pigs developed symptoms from 8 dpi, with two pigs dying at 14 dpi, while the remaining pig exhibited severe clinical signs, including a critically high fever (41.9°C). Real-time PCR testing detected ASFV in blood as early as 4 dpi in inoculated pigs and 6 dpi in contact pigs, with viral loads increasing over time and peaking before death. ASFV was also detected in natural orifices (nasal, oral, and rectal secretions) with varying levels of viral shedding. Gross pathological assessment revealed that the spleen was the most severely affected organ, characterized by enlargement, congestion, and softening, while the lungs, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes exhibited lesions ranging from mild to severe. The overall severity of organ lesions increased from inoculated to contact pigs, reflecting the disease's progression. These findings provide critical insights into ASFV transmission dynamics, viral shedding, and pathological outcomes in a natural infection model, contributing to a better understanding of ASFV spread in pig populations

This study aims to evaluate the ability of soybean (MTĐ 305), sesame (Binh Thuan black sesame cultivar 2), and sunflower (TN 282) in reducing Na⁺ to identify the effective species for application in saline soil reclamation. The plants were cultivated in artificial saline soils with electrical conductivity of the saturated soil paste extract (ECe) values of 1.69 (control soil), 4.10, 7.45, and 8.90 mS/cm, corresponding to the treatments of Đ0, Đ4, Đ6, and Đ8, respectively. After plant cultivation, the soil ECe values were reduced to 3.55-6.80 mS/cm compared to the initial soil ECe values of 4.10-8.90 mS/cm. Na⁺ content in the soil was decreased significantly across all treatments, with a greater reduction observed in the planted treatments. The accumulated Na⁺ in plants biomass were 0.360-0.426 > 0.285-0.421 > 0.208-0.291 g Na⁺/pot for sunflower > soybean > sesame, respectively. Soil salinity stress significantly reduced the yield components of the all three species. The 100-seed weight of soybean was decreased by 11.4-53.5%, and sesame by 12.3-39.7%, while sunflower, the weight of flowers per plant was decreased by 5.5-35.8%. Among the three species, sunflower demonstrated the highest potential for reducing soil Na⁺ and maintained seed yield above 50%, making it is a promising candidate for saline soil reclamation.

In this study, we have tested and evaluated several feature extraction methods of bee sound data. The features were extracted by MFCC, Chroma and Wavelet techniques and important features were selected by Random Forest (RF), Extra trees, and XGBoost method from raw data and then provided to machine learning algorithms such as SVM, Random Forest, XGBoost to solve the bee recognition problem. The experiment results show that using Random Forest and XGBoost models with MFCC features, bee sound recognition is fully possible with the accuracy over 99.9%.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of liquid and dry purple non sulfur bacteria preparations added seed soaking on seed germination, seedling growth and tolerance under salt stress. To gain this aim, several approaches such as evaluating germination stimulation ability, evaluating the effect of the preparation on the development of shoots and roots, evaluating the salt tolerance of seedlings, and biological statistical processing methods. The results showed that: adding liquid and solid purple non sulfur bacteria preparations increased the germination rate of ST25 rice seeds from 1.2-2.5 % and BT7KBL-02 from 1.2-1.7% compared with the uninoculated control. Moreover, the purple non sulfur bacteria preparation helped stimulate the length of the radicle and shoot, in which the radicle length was 1.41-1.45 times longer, the shoot length was 1.50-1.53 times longer than the control for ST25 rice variety, the radicle length was 1.6-1.65 times longer, the shoot length was 1.47-1.67 times longer than the control for BT7KBL-02 rice variety. At the seedling stage, the experimental formulas continued to develop better than the control, the root length was 1.36-1.41 times longer, the shoot length was 1.16-1.3 times longer than the control for the ST25 rice variety and the root length was 1.21-1.43 times longer, the shoot length was 1.6-1.7 times longer than the control for the BT7KBL-02 rice variety. The liquid and solid purple non sulfur bacteria preparations helped the seedlings withstand adverse conditions at salt concentrations of 50 and 100 mM, helping to stimulate growth and were siginificantly different the length of the root and shoot compared to the control at the seedling stage.

In this article, we analyze the attendance activities, server resources, smartphones, and internet usage of lecturers and students at the Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), with the aim of proposing an information technology solution that leverages available resources, optimizes costs, and provides a convenient solution to meet the attendance needs of both students and lecturers of the VNUA. By method of investigation and collection of data, method of analysis and synthesis of theory related to technologies, experimental research, professional methods, we have successfully built a Website using Spring Boot Restful Web Services, ReactJS, SignaturePad technology, MTCNN (Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks) face detection algorithms, FaceNet feature extraction, SVC (Support Vector Classification) recognition model training support VNUA lecturers and students to easily take attendance using other optional methods ranging from simple to complex. The website is currently being tested to apply to attendance activities in classes of the VNUA's Faculty of Information Technology.

This study aimed to build a control algorithm for a delta robot integrated with machine vision, used in the sorting systems based on color classification. The classified products here are KitKat cakes with dimensions of 70 × 30 × 7 (mm), packaged in wrappers of various colors containing printed product information. The cakes are continuously transported on an adjustable speed conveyor belt. A fixed camera, mounted on the aluminum frame at the beginning of the conveyor, captures images of cakes, which are sent to a computer for image processing to extract color and position of cakes. This information is used for product labeling and is transmitted to the controller. The delta robot uses this data to identify, grasb and place the cake into predefined tray by color. The system uses Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller with C++ programming language, Gcode, together with OpenCV library for image processing and Qt Designer software to design a monitoring and control interface. The average time for image processing and classifying a cake is 3.5 seconds. The proposed method helps the delta robot perform tasks even though the conveyor is still operating, thereby improving the productivity of the system.

Design and manufacture small-sized mixing machines for the production of perilla essences aim to improve quality, increase product value, reduce investment and production costs. The machine can mix liquid products such as fruit juice, and can also mix other liquids depending on the technological requirements of each product in mixing liquid products. Combining theoretical and experimental research and graphic design software such as SolidWorks, AutoCAD, and Inventor were used to select the structure and operating principle, determine technical parameters and test to evaluate the working capacity of the mixer. The research results have calculated the design and selected the parameters, main parts of the machine, machine size (350mm × 350mm × 1,340mm), capacity from 30 liters/batch small mixing to mix the substances together in a uniform ratio. The machine has machine size (350mm × 350mm × 1,340mm) and capacity from 30 liters/batch. The machine has the advantages of good product quality, compact structure, easy to process and manufacture, reasonable price.

This study was conducted to assess the implementation of administrative procedures in the judicial field under the authority of the People's Committee at the commune level in Dong Anh district, Hanoi. The research findings show that each year, the commune-level People's Committees in the district handled more than 18,000 civil status records and nearly 370,000 notarization records, with a very small percentage of cases being returned. The majority of surveyed citizens positively rated the public display of information, the equipment used to handle procedures, the competence of judicial and civil status officers, and the overall results of procedure handlings in the judicial field. However, there were still some limitations in the handling of procedures in the judicial field. Continuing to review and simplify procedures, improving the capacity of civil servants, increasing investment in equipment, and actively educating and guiding citizens on the process and methods of handling procedures through public service portals were key solutions to enhance the resolution of administrative procedures in the judicial field under the authority of the commune level People's Committees in the district in the future.

This study aimed to analyze the role of the Farmers’ Union in promoting household economic development in Son Tay town. The research employed descriptive statistical and statistical analysis of the variability in socio-economic phenomena using both primary and secondary data. Secondary data were collected from the Union’s activity reports and relevant published documents. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with Union officials at the district and commune levels, as well as survey of 96 union members. The findings indicate that the Farmers’ Union played an active role through the following activities: technical vocational training, support for applying scientific and technological advancements, establishment of cooperatives and cooperative groups, facilitating access to loans from the Farmers' Support Fund and other credit institutions, thereby creating several sustainable economic models. However, the role of the Farmers' Union in Son Tay Town remained limited due to insufficient professional capacity of some staff members, constrained financial resources, and inadequacies in the policies related to staff placement and allowances. The study proposed several solutions to enhance the Union’s role in the coming period.

This study was conducted to analyze the current economic efficiency and evaluate technical efficiency in tea production through a survey of 293 farming households in Yen Son district, Tuyen Quang province. The research focused on economic efficiency analysis and applied the stochastic Translog frontier function to estimate the level of technical efficiency in tea production. The results revealed an economic efficiency of VND 97.3 million /ha/crop, while the average technical efficiency level reached approximately 31.84%, indicating significant potential for improving tea productivity in the region. The study also identified that factors influencing economic and technical efficiency included household production characteristics, tea varieties, and organic farming methods, all of which contribute to enhancing tea productivity and quality while improving technical efficiency in production. Therefore, agricultural extension policies, training, and capacity-building programs are expected to continue playing a crucial role in promoting the sustainable development of the tea industry in Vietnam.