Vol. 15 No. 8 (2017)

The thinner pericarp kernel are associated with the soft of fresh waxy corn, This study was evaluated 60 of waxy maize inbred lines S6-S8. Using the micrometer and identified 38/60 lines have favorable thickness pericarp ranged from 35 to 60 µm according to fresh quality. Using the molecular marker SSR with 5 specific primers are  umc2189 - ZCT131; bmc1396-mmc0143; umc2118-bmc1325; umc1757-umc1550; umc2038-dupssr28 to detect QTL control  thinner pericarp of maize kernel, result were identified to interelate with phenotype 21 lines containing QTL, respectively. There are 9 lines origined the Vietnam traditional maize variety are D14, 161, 21, 22, 42, 45, 60, 61, 90), 1 lines origined from Laos are D18 and 11 lines origined from China are D29, 30, 31, 52, 601, 70, 71, 72, 74, 82, 85. Association of evaluated base on phenotype and molecular marker were selected 7 elite lines have suitable agronomical characters and pericarp thickness to develop waxy maize hybrid for market fresh quality are D29, 161, 71, 601, 61, 86, 74 and were crossed in diallel cross according to Griffing 4 to produce 21 possible F1 hybrids. Twenty-one F1 and their seven parents planted side by side in replicated trials to evaluate agronomical characteristics on phenotype and molecular marker. Result were selected 10 hybrids with favorable characteristics and thinner pericarp are THL1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,16, 20, and D61, 29, 161 they will further evaluation to develop waxy maize hybrid have high quality in Northern of Vietnam.

Characterization of  S1 gene indicated the genetic diversity of the worldwide circulating infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with variation of novel isolates. In this study, a IBV strain, named ck/VN/ VNUA-HN01/2014 (VNUA-HN01), was isolated from  a IBV outbreak in Ba Vi, Ha Noi  that occured in 2014 and its S1 gen was sequenced and analyzed to better understand  the origin and genetic composition. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the VNUA-HN01 strain  is the Q1-like IBV variant. The S1 gene of   the VNUA-HN01 strain showed high  homology to the reference strains, ranging from 99.6 - 99.8% at the nucleotide level and 99.3 - 100% at the amino  acid level. In contrast, the VNUA-HN01 strain  shared low sequence homology  with  the vaccine strains (IB 4/91 and Ma5), ranging  from 72.6 - 75% and 71.2 - 73.2% at the nucleotide level  and the amino acid level, respectively.

This study attempted to analyze the status of using meteorological information of farmers to cope with climate change in agricultural production and to determine factors affecting farmer’s decision on using meteorological information in climate change adaptation. The study’s results showed that 85% of the interviewed farmers in the region had used climatic information to adjust their farming activities in response to climate change. The farmers’ adjustments  using meteorological information included  appropriate planting date, farm input use, and harvesting calendar. The factors affecting farmers’ decision on using meteorological information to adjust farming activities to cope with climate change included: participation in the training courses on climate change, educational level, farming experience, and farm size. In order to improve farmer’s adaptive capacity to climate change, the authors recommended alternative solutions such as: (1) broadening training course on climate change, (2) applying institutional policies that  promote consolidation of farmland, and (3) integrating concepts of climate change adaptation into the operations of local organizations.

This paper present the isolated and selected result of the endophytic microorganisms by their ability to produce IAA, solubilize inorganic phosphorus and high cellulase and amylase synthesis. Based on 159 bacterial isolates from plants in the saline soil ecosystem (Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh provine), 8 bacterial strains with good characteristics were selected (with IAA content of 30.08 - 278.55 μg/ml; cellulo degraded diameter > 2.2 cm, 0.4 - 1.5 cm phosphorous solubilizing and starch degraded diameter > 0.5 cm) and all are high ability in temperature and pH adaptation (20-40°C, pH = 5-9). The microbial nutrition product produced from selected strains had an effect of increasing the yield of Basella alba L by 86.24% compared with the inorganic fertilizer formula.

This study was carried out to assesst impact of direct payment forest environmental services (PFES) program on forest protection activities and knowledge of local people in Ba Be district, Bac Kan province. In this study, we used some main methods of participatory research assessment (PRA) tools, including village history, community mapping , group discussion , key informant interview and household interview for collecting related information to this study. In other hand, the impacts of this program were assessted through comparasing the characteristics of the study area before and after the project took place and comparasing the characteristics of study area with no project area taking place at the same time. In addition, T-test method was used to analyze the difference in people’s forest protection adtitude in two areas with and without PFES implimenting. Results have showed that the direct PFES program had some positive impacts on forest protection activities and attitude  of local people. Specifically, existing forest protection activities of people in the PFES sector are better than in the past and better than those in the non-PFES sector. Moreover, awareness of forest regulatory functions (climate regulation, water regulation, soil protection against erosion, disease control and carbon sequestration) of people living with PES programs is also better than no program. Finally, the protection of forests to receive money from PFES programs has indeed become an important forest protection force for people in PES programs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of NPK fertilizers and acid sulfate soil (ASS) types on nutrients content, uptake and rice grain yield of wet season rice in the Mekong Delta. The on-farm research has been conducted in four areas in Mekong delta including Long Xuyen Quadrangle, Depressed area of Hau River, Ca Mau Peninsula and Plain of Reed. The treatments included (i) Fully fertilized plot (NPK); (ii) Potassium omission plot (NP); (ii) Phosphorus omission plot (NK); (iv) Nitrogen omission plot (PK) and (v) Farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP). The results showed that the nitrogen and potassium content of grain rice was highest on Plain of Reed ASS, and the content of phosphorus of grain rice was the lowest on Ca Mau Peninsula ASS. However, the calcium and magnesium concentration of grain rice was reached the highest value under Long Xuyen Quadrangle ASS condition. The without individual N, P, K fertilizer application had correspondingly decreased the N, P, K uptake that compared to fully fertilized NPK treatment under ASS conditions. Besides, the highest N, P uptake was determined on Plain of Reed ASS while the highest K uptake was detected under Long Xuyen Quadrangle and Plain of Reed ASS conditions. Rice yield of no phosphorus or no potassium fertilizer was not lower as compared to applied phosphorus or potassium in 4 ASS areas. Ca Mau Peninsula and Plain of Reed ASS gained the highest rice yield.

Kudzu (Pueraria thomsoni Benth) is one of the popular crops in Vietnam. Kudzu roots are not only the food, but also have good healing properties. This study is aimed to test the effect of kudzu extract containing biological active ingredients on reducing sleeping time and blood alcohol concetration caused by drinking alcohol by mice. Kudzu extract using in this study having the biological active compound including puerarin, daidzin, daidzein were 184.32μg/ml; 42.46μg/ml; 20.60μg/ml respectively, determined by HPLC. The treated mice were divided into two groups consisting of the ones fed under the adequate diets conditions and the other unfed in 12-hour before drinking alcohol. The amounts of kudzu extract for the mice on testing the alcohol concentration were 0.2; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0 ml/kg of body weight. The sleeping time of rats was determined immediately after the rat lost the ability to rotate to the left/right until they turned around back. Blood alcohol concentration was determined in accordance with the Decision No. 193 in 2010 by Ministry of Health. The result showed that between two groups of mice, the ones fed in normal diet had a minimum sleeping time of 40 minutes when taking kudzu extract at 4 ml/kg of body weight, whereas the controls drunk alcohol only, the duration of sleep was 108 minutes. In the rats unfed in 12-hour, the sleeping time also extended almost double. The result indicated that the alcohol concentration in blood of the group fed in normal diet was lower than that of unfed in 12-hour. Theamount of kudzu extract at 2ml/kg of body weight showed effect on a reduction of blood alcohol concentration in blood of both groups.

In this study, 180 Bacillus strains isolated from Chilli sources, cow rumens, pig small intestine, fermented milk, dairy industry effluent, soil have been used to determine protease activity. The data indicated that there were totally 124 strains producing extracellular protease, in which proteases from NT1.8 and NT3.9.3 isolated from dairy industry effluent were highest activity 423U/l and 274.7U/l, respectively. The evalutation of thermal stability showed that protease produced by NT 1.8 remained 80% after 2 hours incubation of enzyme at 50oC and remained 78% after enzyme incubation at 55oC for 30 min. Meanwhile, the activity of protease from strain NT 3.9.3 reduced dramatically after pre-treatment at 50 and 55oC. Strain NT1.8 was identified to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NT1.8 based on the comparison of sequence encoding for 16rRNA gene.

Golden flower tea plant (Camellia spp.) is one of the important medicinal plant. Genetic diversity among 25 accessions of Camellia spp., collected mostly in Quang Ninh, were evaluated by RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. Using 53 molecular markers (45 RAPD and 8 ISSR marker), we detected 294 loci with total 4656 clear and scorable bands, among these, 3628 were polymorphic bands. Based on a total of 4656 bands and similarity coefficient ranged from 0.54 to 0.81, dendrogram analysis was performed. With the genetic similarity at 0.71, 25 Camellia spp. accessions could be divided in to 9 distinct clusters. The combination of phenotypic analysis, genetic variation as well as analysis of pharmacologically active compounds showed that amongs 25 golden flower tea accessions, although they look similar, however, quite diverse in genotype and the ability to accumulate pharmacological compounds. The collected accession will be a valuable source for breeding programs of golden flower tea plants in Quang Ninh.

Hedyotis diffusa has been used in combination with other herbs in traditional medicine for gastritis, hepatitis and cancer treatment. Flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpennoid with high contents in Hedyotis diffusa were reported having anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and neuroprotective. In the present study, ½MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BA and 0.1mg/l IAA is the best condition which gives the highest number of shoot formation. This shoots come from the callus or nodules derived from epithelial tissue or tissue below the epidermis of leaf. In different culture conditions (increase light intensity, increase sucrose concentration, 3% PEG supplement), medium were supplemented with 3% PEG showed the highest number of shoots. However, shoots grew up strongly under 7500 lux light intensity, especially in this condition culture the concentration of flavonoid and activated triterpene are highest, and equivalent with extracts from natural plants. The role of endogenous hormones were analyzed and discussed to undertand physiological changes in the shoot formation and response of shoots with different culture conditions.

Livestock farming in the direction of large-scale focus is a popular and effective model today. In order to provide large quantities of forage for livestock production, it is necessary to strengthen synchronized implementation of mechanization from planting, tending, harvesting and processing of raw materials. For animal feed, especially for the development of harvesting and pre-processing machines, there is still limited availability of equipment. Content of the article introduces the results of research and design of Forage harvester for raw materials, a machine is limited in both quantity and quality in synchronous machine production and processing of feed Raising livestock.

The aim of the paper is to research the optimal parameters of a vertical cone-shaped screw mixer with grass in experiment planning method. With this objective, the main contents are going into determining the specifications of grass vertical cone-shaped screw mixer used to mix roughage and concentrate to produce animal feed for cattle daily or to long-time preservation of anaerobic fermentation methods. Determining the parameters influence by theory and an element experimental to economic indicators and technical indicators. Laboratory layout determines the influence of these factors and building the regression equations for mixing uniformity equation and specific energy consumption equation during mixing. Researching the effect of various parameters on economic - techniques indicators by experimental planning methodology extremes. Thereby, determining regime works the optimum of the grass vertical cone-shaped screw mixer.

In this study, 160 strains of Bacillus isolated from cow rumens, Chilli sources, fermented meats, dairy industry effluent, fermented milk, pig small intestine in diferent areas of Vietnam were used to screen strains of interest producing β- galactosidase on agar plate supplemented Xgal. The data indicated that 24/160 isolated Bacillus spp produced β- galactosidase, in which 6 strains (NT2.7, NT2.8, DC1, DC2, TO1.1, TO1.8) with heavy blue colour were used to determine enzyme acitivity. β-galactosidase from NT2.8 with highest activity 42.4 U/l was tested thermostability at 50ºC and 60ºC. Results showed that β-galactosidase was very stable at this two temperatures, after 50 hours of 60ºC incubation, enzyme activity was still remained 50.6%.  Strain NT2.8 was identified to be Bacillus flexus based on the comparison of sequence encoding for 16rRNA gene.

This study aimed to identify factors influencing pupils’ demand on educational tourism in Can Tho city and Hau Giang province at the Mua Xuan Agricultural Center and Nature Reserve Lung Ngoc Hoang. The influencing factors were measured and tested by Cronbach alpha, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Binary Logistic regression. 20 teachers and 400 pupils at junior high schools and senior high schools in Can Tho city and Hau Giang province were interviewed to identify their demand on educational tourism, factors affecting their demand as well as design expected educational tours. The results of analysis revealed the factors affecting pupils’choice on educational tours, namely types of educational tourism, activities related to environment organized by schools and pupils’ knowledge and attitude on environment, pupils’ expectation on the tourist sites, pupils’ purposes for their tours and their experience on ecotourism. Besides, pupils’ gender, grade, living location and pupils in grade 12 also affect their choice in educational tours. Mua Xuan Agricultural Center and Lung Ngoc Hoang National Reserve can organize educational tourism by applying those factors. Introducing educational tours, regularly collecting detailed demand from schools and pupils and making contracts with schools every year should be implemented to exploit effectively educational tourism in the two study sites.